Widespread Wetland Decline and Patchy Legal Protection India has lost roughly 40 % of its natural wetlands in the last three decades, and about half of the remaining sites show signs of ecological degradation such as reduced biodiversity and altered water quality [1]. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules 2017, the National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems, and the Coastal Regulation Zone regime provide a legal framework, yet enforcement remains inconsistent across states [1]. India now hosts 98 Ramsar sites, and Tamil Nadu recently reached 20 Ramsar designations, indicating incremental progress amid broader loss [1].

Kolleru Lake Bird Census Reveals Massive Avian Return systematic census that began on 28 January counted between 4.5 million and 6 million birds across Kolleru Lake, according to senior Andhra Pradesh forest officials [2]. The survey documented 30‑40 indicator species, many in higher numbers than in previous years, suggesting improved habitat quality and food availability [2]. Large flocks of flamingos—highly sensitive to water‑quality changes—have re‑appeared, sharing the lake with long‑distance migrants from Siberia and Europe, underscoring the lake’s renewed role on international flyways [2].

Targeted Restoration Measures Drive Early Ecological Recovery Officials link part of the biodiversity rebound to the removal of illegal encroachments around Kolleru, which has allowed habitats to recover and support richer bird populations [2]. Recent Ramsar designations for two additional wetlands and the observed flamingo influx are presented as early indicators of ecological revival [1][2]. Experts urge programme‑based, watershed‑scale wetland management, recommending public mapping of wetland boundaries, mandatory pre‑treatment of wastewater, and integration of wetlands into disaster‑risk reduction plans [1].

Community Water‑Management Practices Sustain Cultural Wetland Use Traditional structures such as Tamil Nadu’s kulams and Kerala’s kenis continue to provide irrigation, drinking water, and support festivals, illustrating the intertwining of ecology and cultural heritage [1]. World Wetlands Day 2026 highlighted this link under the theme “Wetlands and Traditional Knowledge: Celebrating Cultural Heritage,” reinforcing community reliance on healthy wetlands [1].