Congress Opening Highlights Economic Optimism and Regional Strength Kim Jong Un opened the first Workers’ Party congress since 2021 in Pyongyang’s House of Culture, declaring the economy “improving” and the nation’s regional position “stronger”[1][2]. He framed the gathering as the most important political event and a launchpad for a new five‑year agenda[1]. Analysts estimate roughly a 10 % growth in the past five years, driven by revived China trade and arms exports to Russia[1].

Nuclear and Conventional Weapons Programs Set for Five‑Year Acceleration Kim signaled that the congress will outline steps to expand the nuclear arsenal, including work on portable warheads for long‑range missiles and a nuclear‑propelled submarine[2]. The regime has recently tested solid‑fuel ICBMs and launched new warships, anti‑air systems and attack drones, planning to integrate nuclear and conventional forces under a new five‑year military development plan[1]. This marks an eight‑year gap since the last nuclear test, underscoring a renewed emphasis on strategic weapons[2].

Potential Succession Signal Through Daughter Kim Ju Ae Observers noted the teenage daughter Kim Ju Ae, about 13, seated prominently, suggesting she may be groomed as a fourth‑generation successor[1][2]. South Korean intelligence identified her as a possible heir, and analysts expect the congress to formalise dynastic succession within the party’s delegate audience[1]. Seating arrangements were closely watched to gauge elite fortunes, with officials taking notes as a sign of internal power dynamics[2].

Deepening Alliances With Russia and China Reinforce Kim’s Confidence Kim’s rhetoric reflected growing alignment with Moscow, highlighted by arms shipments supporting Russia’s war in Ukraine and a recent summit with Chinese President Xi Jinping[1]. Friendly statements from the ruling parties of China and Russia were broadcast by the Korean Central News Agency, underscoring strategic partnership after Kim appeared with Xi and Vladimir Putin at a Beijing parade last year[2]. These ties bolster his claim of an “irreversible” rise in state strength[1].

Hard‑Line Stance Toward South Korea Persists, US Dialogue Limited The congress is expected to codify inter‑Korean relations as “two hostile states,” maintaining a hard‑line posture toward Seoul[1]. Kim may keep limited diplomatic channels with Washington open to seek future sanctions relief, but has so far rebuffed U.S. overtures, including President Donald Trump’s 2025 meeting offer[1][2]. The overall tone suggests no imminent policy shift toward South Korea despite the broader diplomatic context[1].