2011 – Amnesty International documents over 10,000 enforced disappearances in Balochistan, fueling long‑standing grievances that later drive the BLA insurgency [5].

2021 – The Taliban retake power in Afghanistan, creating a new cross‑border militant dynamic that later contributes to clashes with Pakistan [2].

Sep 2025 – US‑based Strategic Metals signs a $500 million MoU with Pakistan’s Frontier Works Organisation to mine Balochistan’s mineral deposits, highlighting the province’s strategic economic importance amid rising insecurity [5].

Dec 5‑6 2025 – Border clashes erupt overnight between Pakistani forces and Afghan Taliban near Spin Boldak; artillery and mortar fire kill four civilians in Kandahar and wound three in Pakistan, breaking a Qatar‑Turkey‑mediated ceasefire that had held for less than two months [2].

Dec 10 2025 – Chief of Defence Forces Asim Munir tells a national conference that 70 % of Tehrik‑i‑Taliban Pakistan formations entering Pakistan are Afghan nationals, urging the Afghan Taliban to choose between Pakistan and the TTP [7].

Jan 8 2026 – Pakistani security forces conduct two intelligence‑based operations in North Waziristan and Kurram, killing 11 Fitna Al Khawarij militants linked to the TTP, demonstrating ongoing counter‑terrorism pressure on the Afghan‑Pakistan frontier [6].

Jan 30‑31 2026 – The Balochistan Liberation Army launches coordinated assaults on nine districts, killing 84 security personnel, kidnapping 18, and releasing a video in which leader Bashir Zeb Baloch declares the attacks phase two of the “Herof” operation; Pakistan’s army responds province‑wide, reporting 145 insurgents killed and interior minister Mohsin Naqvi accusing India of involvement [5].

Feb 1 2026 – Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif praises the military response to the BLA’s “Herof” attacks, pledges to continue the war on terrorism, and condemns alleged Indian support, while the BLA claims 84 security deaths and 18 kidnappings, and Chief Minister Sarfraz Bugti reports 31 civilians and 17 security personnel killed in 40‑hour urban clashes across Quetta and surrounding towns [1][5].

Feb 1 2026 – Military officials confirm that more than 120 people die in the coordinated Balochistan attacks, including 33 civilians and security staff, and that forces eliminate 92 militants on the day, marking the deadliest militant‑casualty count in decades; analysts note the unprecedented scale of the response [3].

Feb 6 2026 – A suicide bomber detonates a bomb at a Shia mosque in Islamabad, killing 40 worshippers, prompting Pakistan to cite the attack as justification for subsequent cross‑border strikes against militant camps [8].

Feb 22 2026 – Pakistan launches intelligence‑based cross‑border strikes on seven TTP camps and an ISIS‑affiliated group in Afghanistan’s Nangarhar and Paktika provinces, claiming selective targeting of militants responsible for recent attacks in Pakistan, while Afghan officials report dozens killed, including women and children, and a house strike in Bihsud kills 17, among them 12 children [4][8].

Feb 22 2026 – Information Minister Attaullah Tarar emphasizes that the strikes aim at terrorist hideouts irrespective of location and urges the Afghan Taliban and the international community to enforce the Doha agreement, highlighting strained Pakistan‑Afghanistan ties since the October 2025 border clashes [4].

Feb 22 2026 – The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan records that Pakistani cross‑border operations have killed 70 Afghan civilians and injured 478 in the last three months of 2025, a civilian toll far exceeding any previous year since 2011, underscoring the humanitarian impact of the escalating conflict [8].