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U.S. and Iran Weigh Second Nuclear Talks as Trump Threatens Military Action

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Negotiations Resumed in Oman After June Conflict Direct talks between Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi and U.S. special envoy Steve Witkoff are set for Friday in Muscat, with the Sultanate mediating face‑to‑face meetings after the June war and subsequent protest crackdown [1][2][3]. Both sides aim to address Tehran’s nuclear program, ballistic‑missile range, and support for terrorist groups, though Iran emphasizes sanction relief while the United States stresses limits on nuclear work [2][3]. The talks mark the first formal engagement since the United States bombed Tehran’s nuclear facilities last year [3].

Trump Presses Military Options While Seeking Diplomatic Deal President Donald Trump has moved an aircraft carrier and other naval assets into the Persian Gulf, warned the Ayatollah to be “very worried,” and aired a televised interview after sending a March 5, 2025 letter to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei [1][3]. He has ordered strikes on Iranian sites and other regional hotspots, positioning a “military hammer” as leverage ahead of the Oman talks [2]. Domestic pressure mounts as his approval rating falls below 40%, raising political risk for any escalation [2].

Iran Halts Enrichment Yet Retains Significant Stockpile Following the June attacks, Iran announced a complete stop to uranium enrichment, but the International Atomic Energy Agency remains barred from inspecting the bombed facilities [1]. The IAEA reports a stockpile of roughly 9,870 kg of uranium, with portions enriched to 60 % [1]. Meanwhile, state media showcased the Khorramshahr‑4 ballistic missile capable of over 1,240 miles range, underscoring Tehran’s continued strategic capabilities [3].

U.S. Intelligence and Israeli Assessment Diverge on Weaponization U.S. intelligence agencies conclude that Iran has not yet begun a nuclear weapons program, though activities could enable a bomb in the near term [1]. Israel, however, argues the program constitutes an immediate weapon threat and calls for its complete dismantlement [1]. This disagreement shapes the diplomatic agenda and U.S. threat calculus ahead of the talks [1].

Regional Instability Fuels U.S. Strategic Calculus Iran’s internal crises—including a succession issue around Ayatollah Khamenei, severe economic hardship, and weakened proxies such as Hamas and Hezbollah—make the regime appear vulnerable for the first time in 45 years [2]. Recent maritime incidents, including a U.S. carrier shooting down an Iranian drone and IRGC gunboats threatening a U.S.–flagged tanker, heighten the risk of direct conflict [3]. Experts warn that a multi‑day air campaign could cause civilian casualties and jeopardize Trump’s standing before the midterm elections [2].

Sources

Timeline

Dec 12, 2025 – President Donald Trump warns that the United States “will strike any new Iranian nuclear facility” if Tehran restarts its program, citing the June 2025 U.S.–Israeli strikes that crippled Iran’s enrichment sites [17].

Dec 30, 2025 – President Masoud Pezeshkian posts that “cruel aggression will be met with a harsh and discouraging response,” signaling Tehran’s readiness to retaliate against any U.S. attack [16][20].

Dec 31, 2025 – Iranian IRGC begins developing chemical and biological warheads for ballistic missiles, prompting Trump to say the U.S. “could back Israeli strikes” if Tehran rebuilds its long‑range missile capability [15].

Jan 13, 2026 – Trump hints at “very strong options” against Iran after the regime’s protest crackdown, while parliamentary speaker Mohammad Bagher Qalibaf declares all U.S. bases and ships “legitimate targets” if attacked [14].

Jan 15, 2026 – U.S. experts note that the weapons stockpile is depleted yet still powerful; Trump orders assets to be “prepared for a strike” as protests in Iran intensify [13].

Jan 28, 2026 – Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi denies any Iranian request for talks, urging Washington to stop threatening war, while Trump claims Iran “is ready for a deal” and orders an “armada” of warships into the region [12].

Jan 28, 2026 – U.S. Central Command launches multi‑day air drills; Trump posts on Truth Social that “time is running out” and demands a “fair and equitable” nuclear deal, while Iran warns its forces have “fingers on the trigger” and EU members move to label the IRGC as a terrorist organization [9].

Jan 29, 2026 – Trump warns “time is running out” for a nuclear deal and threatens a “far worse” strike, as open‑source tracking shows at least 15 fighter jets and the USS Abraham Lincoln carrier group massing in the Gulf; Iran’s foreign ministry replies that its armed forces stand ready to “immediately and powerfully respond” [3][11].

Jan 29, 2026 – Trump considers a major new strike after preliminary nuclear talks stall, posting an ultimatum on Truth Social that Iran must negotiate a “fair and equitable deal – NO NUCLEAR WEAPONS” or face a “far worse” attack, while senior adviser Ali Shamkhani warns any U.S. attack would be “the start of war” [8].

Jan 30, 2026 – Foreign Minister Araghchi says Iran will join “fair and just” nuclear talks only if they are “meaningful, logical and free from threat,” rejecting any discussion of its missile program; Trump replies that “very big, very powerful ships” are sailing toward Iran and urges Tehran to halt its nuclear work and stop killing protesters [7][1].

Jan 31, 2026 – Analysts note that U.S. naval pressure shifts from two carrier groups to a single carrier group, while Iran’s armed forces remain weakened after Israel’s 12‑day June campaign; Trump’s options narrow to precise strikes on IRGC leaders or broader bombardment, both constrained by political limits [6].

Feb 2, 2026 – President Pezeshkian orders the start of nuclear negotiations with the United States, while Trump expresses optimism that a deal can avert conflict; the U.S. moves the USS Abraham Lincoln carrier group toward West Asia and prepares for talks slated in Oman [21][4].

Feb 2, 2026 – Turkey works to convene U.S. envoy Steve Witkoff and senior Iranian officials for a meeting by week’s end; the carrier and destroyers remain positioned as a show of force, and the EU formally designates the IRGC as a terrorist organization [19].

Feb 3, 2026 – President Pezeshkian announces Iran is “ready for US talks if a threat‑free environment exists,” instructing Foreign Minister Araghchi to pursue negotiations; Trump threatens “tremendous force” and demands an end to Iran’s nuclear program and protest killings, with potential talks slated for Istanbul [1][10].

Feb 5, 2026 – Trump tells Iran’s supreme leader that he should be “very worried” ahead of Muscat talks, while Iran vows swift retaliation and showcases the Khorramshahr‑4 missile with a 1,240‑mile range; recent maritime incidents include a U.S. carrier shooting down an Iranian drone [5].

Feb 6, 2026 – With Trump’s approval below 40%, his administration schedules U.S.–Iran talks in Oman, outlines goals on nuclear limits, ballistic missiles, terrorist sponsorship, and human‑rights concerns, and warns that a multi‑day air campaign would be politically risky and could create a power vacuum [4].

Feb 11, 2026 – Iran and the United States weigh a second round of nuclear talks after the June 2025 war and nationwide protests; Trump escalates pressure by moving naval assets into the Gulf and threatens a strike over protest killings, while Oman hosts face‑to‑face meetings between Araghchi and U.S. envoy Steve Witkoff [18].

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