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Genetic Genealogy Leads to Conviction in 1982 Murder and Drives New Investigation

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Conviction Secured Using Discarded Cigarette DNA Sonoma County jury found James Unick guilty of murdering 13‑year‑old Sarah Geer on February 13, 2026, sentencing him to life without parole on April 23, 2026; investigators matched DNA from a cigarette Unick discarded in July 2024 to a 2003 profile from the victim’s clothing using familial genealogy databases [1]. Case Revived Through FBI and Private Firm Collaboration The murder remained unsolved for 44 years until Cloverdale Police reopened the investigation in 2021, partnering with a private forensic firm and the FBI, which narrowed suspects to four Unick brothers after building a DNA profile that initially yielded no CODIS hits [1]. Genetic Genealogy Adopted After CODIS Dead End in Guthrie Case Pima County Sheriff’s Department announced on February 19, 2026 that it will employ investigative genetic genealogy to analyze DNA from a glove found near Nancy Guthrie’s home, after both the glove and other scene DNA failed to generate CODIS matches [2]. Privacy Debate Over Commercial DNA Databases Intensifies Experts note that major commercial DNA services block law‑enforcement access without a warrant, forcing investigators to rely on open platforms like GEDmatch and FamilyTreeDNA, and warn that the Guthrie family’s push for broader database use could spark prolonged legal battles [2].

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Timeline

Nov 1980 – Lynn Vest (23) is strangled and her 2½‑year‑old cousin Jeremy Pickens is suffocated inside a car in Columbus, Ohio; investigators recover a Mustang Cobra and preserve two hair samples for future analysis [4].

May 23–24, 1982 – Thirteen‑year‑old Sarah Geer disappears in Cloverdale, California and is found murdered the next morning, dragged to an alley, raped and strangled, a case that remains unsolved for 44 years [1].

Apr 1, 1987 – Rhonda Fisher’s body is discovered near Sedalia, Colorado after she is sexually assaulted and strangled; detectives place brown paper bags over her hands, preserving evidence that will later yield DNA [3].

1996 – Serial killer Vincent Darrell Groves dies in prison, ending his known killing spree that spanned 1978‑1988 in Colorado [3].

2003 – FBI analysts generate a DNA profile from Sarah Geer’s clothing, but the profile yields no matches in CODIS, leaving the case at a dead end [1].

2017 – Douglas County detectives test DNA from the 1987 paper bags in the Fisher case, but the analysis fails to produce a usable profile, keeping the murder cold [3].

2021 – Cloverdale Police reopen the Geer murder, partner with a private forensic firm and the FBI, and begin using familial‑genealogy databases to narrow suspects to the four Unick brothers [1].

Jul 2024 – FBI surveillance covertly collects a discarded cigarette from 64‑year‑old James Unick in Willows, California; DNA from the butt later matches the 2003 Geer profile, leading to his arrest [1].

Dec 2025 – DNA extracted from the 1987 paper bags matches the deceased serial killer Vincent Groves, finally solving Rhonda Fisher’s murder and demonstrating the power of modern forensic tools [3].

Jan 24, 2026 – Genetic genealogist Amanda Reno links hair DNA from the 1980 Ohio murders to Charles Elliott, a deceased inmate, and announces plans to exhume his remains to confirm the match; victims’ relatives say the breakthrough “brings hope and a measure of peace.” [4].

Feb 13, 2026 – A Sonoma County jury convicts James Unick of Sarah Geer’s 1982 murder and orders life imprisonment without parole; District Attorney Carla Rodriguez declares the verdict “honors those who never gave up searching for Sarah’s killer.” [1].

Feb 2026 – Pima County Sheriff’s Department announces it will employ investigative genetic genealogy to pursue leads in the Nancy Guthrie case after CODIS fails to produce a match, citing CeCe Moore’s warning that “DNA matches can be as low as 1 %” and that broader database access will likely spark a “knock‑down, drag‑out fight.” [2].

Apr 23, 2026 – James Unick is scheduled to be sentenced to life without parole, cementing the longest‑standing cold‑case verdict in Sonoma County history [1].

2026 onward – Authorities plan to exhume Charles Elliott’s remains for confirmation and anticipate a legal battle over expanded law‑enforcement access to commercial genealogy databases, as predicted by DNA‑Justice CEO CeCe Moore [2][4].

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