Key Facts

• Krafton to expand PUBG across platforms: Krafton will expand PUBG across multiple platforms as part of a broader growth strategy. The company aims to move beyond a single title by building a big franchise IP that can spawn new titles, sequels, merchandise and other media. The effort emphasizes expanding across genres, content and service formats to drive sustainable, long-term growth. [1]
• Franchise IP goal outlined: Officials described the goal as extending beyond a single game experience, with expansion across genres and service formats to create an original, competitive IP. Krafton says the strategy aims to build a franchise that can span games, media and merchandise over the long term. [1]
• PUBG central to Krafton plan: PUBG is the centerpiece of Krafton's 2026 strategy. The battle royale title first released in 2017 has since come to PC, consoles and mobile, forming the backbone of the expanded IP approach. [1]
• Ground Zero ties PUBG to media expansion: Krafton previously expanded the PUBG universe with Ground Zero, a live-action short released in 2021 starring Ma Dong-seok. The project demonstrates cross-media expansion as part of the broader franchise strategy. [1]
• 26 new projects in development, 12 due soon: Krafton says it is developing 26 projects, with 12 slated for release within the next two years. Among the lineup is Subnautica 2, described as a survival game, illustrating the breadth of titles planned under the strategy. [1]
• CEO signals move to execution phase: CEO Kim Chang-han said Krafton will move into the execution phase of producing new titles and expand the PUBG IP as a content platform. He added the company will create franchise IPs via the new title pipeline and creative leadership. [1]

Who Said What

• Kim Chang-han, Chief Executive Officer: "We will remain focused on Krafton's core gaming business as we begin to move into the execution phase of producing new titles. While expanding the PUBG IP franchise as a content platform, we will begin to create franchise IPs via our new title pipeline and creative leadership." [1]

Key Facts

• Ex-PM Han sentenced to 23 years in prison: A court convicted Han of playing a key role in an insurrection and imposed a 23-year prison term. The ruling completes the judicial action against the former prime minister in this case, according to the article. [1]

Key Facts

• Black Eagles to join World Defense Show in Saudi Arabia: The South Korean Air Force aerobatic team will participate in World Defense Show 2026 in Saudi Arabia, with events February 8-12. Officials said the appearance will mark the Black Eagles' first defense exhibition in the Middle East. [1]
• Okinawa refueling layover planned for Jan. 28: The team will depart Wonju for a refueling stop at Naha air base in Okinawa before continuing to Saudi Arabia. There, the Black Eagles will refuel and exchange with Japan's Blue Impulse aerobatic team. [1]
• UAE show plan fell through due to Okinawa dispute: In November, a planned UAE air show participation collapsed after Japan refused to allow refueling in Okinawa, citing the T-50B aircraft training near Dokdo and ongoing disputes over the islets. [1]
• Tokyo talks on refueling went smoothly: Air Force officials said discussions with Tokyo over the Okinawa refueling stop went smoothly this time, signaling improved cross-border cooperation ahead of broader diplomacy between the two countries. [1]
• Nine T-50B jets, four C-130s and 120 personnel: For the air show, the service intends to deploy nine T-50B aircraft, four C-130 transport planes and about 120 personnel, delivering 24 high-skill aerial maneuvers daily from February 9. [1]
• First Middle East defense exhibition for Black Eagles: The mission marks the first time the Black Eagles participate in a defense exhibition in the Middle East. [1]

Key Facts

• Jeju Air bans portable battery banks carrierwide: Jeju Air Co. will completely ban the use of portable battery banks on all of its flights, domestic and international. Passengers will not be allowed to use power banks to charge devices during flights. The airline says the move is to address potential fire hazards posed by batteries. [1]
• Ban takes effect Jan 22, 2026: The prohibition applies to Jeju Air's entire network and will begin on Jan 22, 2026. The airline notes the rule extends beyond earlier restrictions and applies on every flight. It aims to reduce fire risks associated with battery devices. [1]
• USB charging already banned under government rules: Government rules issued last year bar charging battery banks via aircraft USB ports. Jeju Air says its ban tightens protections beyond what a prior rule requires, addressing broader battery hazards. [1]
• Fire risk cited as reason for stricter rules: Jeju Air cites concerns over in-flight battery fires as the reason for expanding the ban. The airline says eliminating battery-related hazards is a safety priority for all customers and crew. [1]
• Busan incident linked to portable battery raised concern: A major fire at Gimhae International Airport in Busan in January 2025 involved a portable battery, with authorities tentatively concluding the blaze originated from a battery in an overhead bin. The incident has heightened scrutiny of power banks on flights. [1]
• Policy signals broader safety push by the airline: Jeju Air frames the ban as part of a broader safety posture aimed at minimizing fire hazards from batteries, signaling ongoing risk management efforts. [1]

Key Facts

• KCNA reports Namhung ceremony signals leadership shift: KCNA published that Chemical Industry Minister Kim Sun-myong gave a speech at a completion ceremony for a catalyst production line at the Namhung Youth Chemical Complex in South Pyongan Province, described as happening the day before the report. The appearance aligns with a broader pattern of leadership discipline ahead of the party congress, though the article does not say a replacement occurred at that ceremony. [1]
• Kim Chol-ha previously served as minister, attended Hungnam event: Kim Chol-ha was the last publicly identified chemical industry minister, and KCNA noted his attendance at the inauguration of a melamine resin production line at a fertilizer complex in Hungnam last year, indicating a continuity of ministerial roles prior to the reported change. [1]
• KCNA hints at a ministerial reshuffle after mid-2025: Wednesday’s KCNA report did not state whether the chemical industry minister was replaced, or why a change would have occurred. The wording suggests a disciplinary tightening rather than a clearly announced personnel move. [1]
• Leader ties incidents to discipline concerns about deputy premier: In a Monday speech, Kim Jong-un cited incidents at the Namhung and Hungnam facilities as illustrating the irresponsibility of the then vice premier, implying lax discipline may have driven personnel changes involving Kim Chol-ha. [1]
• Crackdown on economic officials ahead of party congress includes high-level firing: The article notes Kim fired Vice Premier Yang Sung-ho at an inauguration ceremony for a modernization project, framing it as part of a broader push to root out poor conduct among Cabinet cadres before the ninth party congress, which will outline economic aims and personnel reshuffles. [1]
• Captioned image ties leadership to Namhung complex: A KCNA file image caption shows Premier Pak Thae-song inspecting the Namhung Youth Chemical Complex, underscoring the ongoing focus on this facility as a symbol of economic development at the time. [1]

Who Said What

• Kim Jong-un, North Korea’s leader: "incidents" at the Namhung Youth Chemical Complex and the Hungnam Fertilizer Complex demonstrated the irresponsibility of the then vice premier. [1]
• Kim Jong-un, North Korea’s leader: "inveterate way of work" and being "unfaithful to their own duties and incompetent" describe the Cabinet cadres the regime aims to discipline. [1]
• Kim Jong-un, North Korea’s leader: He fired Vice Premier Yang Sung-ho over irresponsibility involving a modernization project at a machine complex. [1]

Key Facts

• Konni exploits Naver ads to distribute malware: A Yonhap report, citing Genians Security Center, says Konni is tied to Kimsuky and other Pyongyang-backed groups and has launched an advanced persistent threat campaign by abusing online ad platforms. Analysts describe how the group used click-tracking to route users through intermediary links before reaching advertisers' sites. The initial focus was on Naver's advertising infrastructure, with the campaign later expanding to Google's ad system. [1]
• Click-tracking redirects users to malicious files: The attackers used fake intermediary web links that redirect users to external servers hosting malware. The method leverages the ad-click path to conceal malicious content and broaden distribution. Researchers say the campaign relies on normal advertising workflows to evade simple security checks. [1]
• Campaign expanded from Naver to Google ads: Analysts note Konni shifted from abusing Naver's ad infrastructure to Google's ad system as the operation evolved, expanding its reach across major platforms. This progression signals a more sophisticated use of commercial advertising networks to host and distribute malware. [1]
• Poseidon-Attack label appears in malware code: The report identifies the phrase Poseidon-Attack in the malware, suggesting the operators systematically manage the campaign under this designation. The labeling reflects how state-backed groups organize campaigns and keep track of different iterations. [1]
• Experts warn of rising sophistication and advise caution: Security experts warn the incident underscores the growing sophistication of North Korean cyberattacks. They urge users not to open suspicious email attachments linked to ads and especially avoid shortcut link files that may be embedded in those messages. [1]

Key Facts

• Samsung Display backs Zeekr 9X with three OLED panels: The company announced on Jan 21 that it is supplying CID, PID and RSE panels for Zeekr's 9X SUV. The CID and PID are 16-inch panels installed on the dashboard serving as the multimedia and control hub. The 17-inch RSE display, mounted on the ceiling, features a wing-style sliding screen developed with Zeekr. [1]
• CID and PID serve as dashboard multimedia hubs: The CID and PID are 16-inch OLED panels on the vehicle dashboard. They function as the multimedia and control hub for the driver and front passenger. Their integration demonstrates Samsung Display's push into automotive OLED offerings as part of the Zeekr collaboration. [1]
• Wing-style sliding screen described as a first: The 17-inch RSE display is ceiling-mounted and features a wing-style sliding mechanism. It was developed jointly by Samsung Display and Zeekr, marking a notable innovation in rear-seat entertainment interfaces. The setup highlights the joint development approach in Zeekr's interior tech. [1]
• Partnership with Zeekr dates to 2024; Zeekr is Geely-owned: Samsung Display has been in a partnership with Zeekr since 2024. Zeekr is an electric vehicle brand owned by Geely Automobile Holdings, underscoring the collaboration with a major Chinese automaker. The arrangement fits Samsung Display's strategy to expand automotive OLED deployments. [1]
• Samsung Display aims to lead automotive OLED growth: Executive director Choi Yong-seok said the company will continue to introduce high-performance products with differentiated value to strengthen partnerships with global automakers and lead the growth of the automotive OLED market. The statement frames the broader goal of expanding OLED-based interiors across brands. [1]

Who Said What

• Choi Yong-seok, Executive Director, Samsung Display: "We will continue to introduce high-performance products with differentiated value to strengthen partnerships with global automakers and lead the growth of the automotive OLED market." [1]

Key Facts

• We Do Not Part named NBCC fiction finalist: The English edition was named among five fiction contenders for the 2025 NBCC Awards. The translation was done by E. Yaewon and Paige Aniyah Morris. The NBCC is an American nonprofit that oversees the annual awards across six categories. [1]
• Novel published in Korean in 2021 and set on Jeju: First published in Korean in 2021, the novel is set during the 1948 Jeju uprising, a period of unrest following Korea's liberation. The uprising was sparked by grievances over the U.S.-led administration and led to a crackdown. The English edition brings the work to English-speaking readers. [1]
• Jeju crackdown killed thousands: The crackdown is estimated to have killed 14,000 to 30,000 civilians, underscoring the scale of the historical backdrop for the novel. The events are described as among the bloodiest episodes in Korean history. The novel uses this history to explore memory and violence. [1]
• Kim Hye-soon NBCC winner in 2024: Kim Hye-soon became the first Korean to win an NBCC award in 2024, taking the poetry prize for Phantom Pain Wings. Her win marks a milestone in NBCC's history for Korean authors. [1]
• Winners to be announced March 26: The winners of the 2025 NBCC Awards will be announced on March 26. The event will finalize the year’s honors across categories including fiction, with We Do Not Part among the fiction contenders. [1]

Key Facts

• Military urged to adopt RFID system across services: On January 21, the defense ministry announced a special advisory committee recommended swift adoption of RFID in handling firearms to prevent gun-related accidents and deaths. The panel includes civilian, government and military officials. They note a rise in firearm-related incidents in recent years. RFID is seen as technically manageable and capable of preventing many accidents. [1]
• RFID tracks guns and carriers via tags: The system uses wireless radio waves to identify and track tags embedded on guns to gather data on their current location and the person carrying the firearm. The data can help prevent loss or misuse and improve safety. [1]
• Pilot program expanded; five more units planned: The military began RFID in a pilot project at select units last year and intends to expand to five additional Army, Navy and Air Force units this year. [1]
• Additional safety measures recommended: In addition to RFID adoption, the committee recommended four measures, including suicide prevention and safety accident prevention, establishing emergency medical support, and developing response procedures for accidents. [1]
• Move comes amid rising firearm incidents and suicides: The advisory comes as the military grapples with a rise in firearm-related accidents and suicides among service members. [1]

Key Facts

• Won expected to reach 1,400 per dollar: Lee, a government official, stated authorities expect the won to strengthen toward the 1,400 per dollar level within one to two months. The forecast is presented as a near-term outlook, with no accompanying policy measures detailed in the report. The statement outlines a specific exchange-rate target rather than a broad trend. The article does not provide data or tools behind the forecast. [1]

Key Facts

• KFA postpones base camp announcement: The Korea Football Association said Saturday it will withhold announcing South Korea's World Cup base camp until FIFA finalizes the site list. The move follows FIFA's guidance that base camp announcements should wait until all participating teams' sites are confirmed. South Korea had been set to disclose its camp, with Guadalajara and Monterrey identified as likely venues. The decision comes as six World Cup spots remain to be decided in playoffs in March. [1]
• FIFA urges delay until all camps finalized: FIFA advised participants to pause base camp announcements until all teams' camps are finalized. The guidance applies to all nations as they prepare for the tournament. Four European playoff spots and two interconfederation playoff slots remain to be decided, keeping the field fluid ahead of kickoff. [1]
• Guadalajara sites among KFA preferences: The KFA had proposed two sites in Guadalajara, western Mexico, as part of its base camp plan, with two group matches slated there and the remaining game in Monterrey. Guadalajara sits at about 1,500 meters above sea level, a factor the team must consider in acclimation planning. The list of preferred sites was submitted to FIFA as part of ongoing preparations for the World Cup. [1]
• Coach emphasizes a 'scientific approach' and acclimation: Head coach Hong Myung-bo has stressed the need for a 'scientific approach' when choosing the base camp site and for traveling to the Mexican city early to give players time to acclimate to the high altitude. The altitude consideration is part of optimizing performance during the group stage. The statements reflect a strategic focus on preparation and conditioning ahead of the tournament. [1]
• KFA submitted base camp preferences to FIFA: The KFA submitted its list of preferred base camp sites to FIFA last week, including two Guadalajara options. The submission is part of the federation's effort to secure a productive training environment before South Korea's World Cup matches begin. FIFA's ongoing site finalization process will determine which locations are ultimately used if the team advances. [1]

Who Said What

• Hong Myung-bo, Head coach, South Korea men's national football team: The team will take a 'scientific approach' to selecting the base camp and travel early to give players time to acclimate to the high altitude. [1]

Key Facts

• Lee vows to push for prosecution reform: On January 21, Lee publicly pledged to pursue reforms of the nation's prosecution system. The announcement signals a renewed emphasis on changing how investigations and prosecutions are conducted. The article does not disclose specific policy proposals or a timeline for implementing reforms. [1]
• Details on reforms remain undisclosed: The article notes there were no concrete proposals, timelines, or legislative steps attached to the pledge. It does not identify which bodies would undertake any changes or how they would be funded. Without specifics, analysts cannot gauge the potential impact or feasibility. [1]
• Pledge could reshape national debate on justice reform: The commitment arrives amid ongoing discussions about how to modernize the prosecution service. It is unclear how Lee's stance aligns with party priorities or rival proposals. The article frames the pledge as a political signal rather than a legislative plan. [1]

Key Facts

• Prime minister to visit U.S. starting Thursday: The article states the trip will be the PM's first overseas journey. It offers no further specifics on dates, itinerary, or objectives beyond noting the visit. No additional context is provided in the piece. [1]
• No itinerary details provided in article: The piece does not include exact dates beyond Thursday, nor any schedule, objectives, or participants. It does not name meeting locations or confirm who will accompany the PM. The absence of detail suggests the report is a brief notice rather than a full briefing. [1]

Key Facts

• South Korea launches 1.9 trillion-won EW aircraft project: South Korea's Defense Acquisition Program Administration announced a 1.9 trillion-won project to develop an electronic warfare aircraft designed to jam extensive air defense networks. The program, named Block-I, targets disabling an opponent's air defense and electronic command systems through jamming. If successful, the military aims to deploy the aircraft in 2034. Officials describe the aircraft as a potential game changer for survivability and interoperability in joint operations. [1]
• DAPA discusses Block-I plan with LIG Nex1 at meeting: During a planning meeting, DAPA discussed the Block-I development plan with LIG Nex1, a major defense firm. The discussion focused on design concepts, timelines, and capabilities needed for the EW aircraft. The meeting signals ongoing collaboration between the government and industry as Korea advances toward the 2034 target. [1]
• Block-I aims to jam air defense networks and electronic command systems: The Block-I concept envisions a large aircraft capable of jamming the opponent's air defense network and electronic command systems. The plan emphasizes increasing survivability for aerial assets and improving interoperability during joint operations. [1]
• Deployment target set for 2034: DAPA's plan includes a deployment timeline for 2034 pending successful development. The project is part of a broader modernization effort for Korea's air and electronic warfare capabilities. [1]
• Block-II planned after Block-I: Officials say they intend to push forward with an advanced Block-II system after the first version is launched. [1]

Key Facts

• Investors press government to lift 2010 sanctions: Ten organizations representing Kaesong Industrial Complex and Mount Kumgang investors held a press conference in Seoul on Jan. 14 to urge the government to lift unilateral sanctions imposed in 2010. The measures ban joint economic ventures with North Korea, except humanitarian aid, following the Cheonan sinking earlier that year. The group says the sanctions cut off private-sector lifelines and hinder inter-Korean dialogue. [1]
• Sanctions described as a fatal blow to projects: An association official said the May 24 measures dealt a fatal blow to companies involved in inter-Korean economic projects and blocked all economic lifelines. The official noted that trade, investment and all forms of assistance were suspended, except humanitarian aid. The remarks are part of a push to reconsider the sanctions as dialogue remains difficult. [1]
• Unification Ministry weighs lifting sanctions: The press conference coincided with the Unification Ministry's consideration of lifting the 2010 sanctions as part of efforts to ease tensions and resume talks with the North. [1]
• UN sanctions could continue to restrict business: Even if Seoul lifts its unilateral measures, United Nations Security Council sanctions would effectively bar doing business with Pyongyang. [1]
• Investors foresee North Korea's ties with rivals: Businesspeople cited North Korea's growing economic projects with China and Russia and said they would engage in direct or indirect business with the North once sanctions are lifted. [1]

Who Said What

• Association official, Investor association official: "The May 24 measures dealt a fatal blow to companies involved in inter-Korean economic projects and blocked all economic lifelines." This underscores why the group argues the sanctions must be lifted to restore private-sector lifelines. [1]
• Association official, Investor association official: "The government should open up the passage for the private sector and companies to do business legally at a time when dialogue between the South and North governments is difficult," This conveys the push to reopen private-sector channels despite stalled talks. [1]

Key Facts

• Labor ministry plans package to cover nonregular workers: The government aims to pass the labor law package by May 1 and notes more than eight million workers remain outside legal protection, a point highlighted by Labor Minister Kim Young-hoon in a JoongAng Ilbo interview. [1]
• Presumption of employee status introduced: The package would presume worker status as employees unless employers prove otherwise, and includes a basic act for working people to set minimum protections for those not recognized as employees. [1]
• Threshold for proving employee status lowered: Officials say lowering the threshold is intended to curb unfair treatment of nonregular workers by making it easier to classify them as employees when appropriate. [1]
• Practical limits arise from nonregular workers’ self-employed-like status: Many nonregular workers function closer to self-employed contractors rather than direct employees, complicating how a presumption of employee status would work and reflecting firms’ reliance on these workers for operations. [1]
• Burden on firms and risk of job substitution: Experts warn the changes could raise corporate burdens and potentially accelerate substitution by AI and robotics; revisions to the Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act would expand bargaining with subcontractor unions and take effect in March. [1]
• Call to balance protection with job creation: The piece urges learning from the 2007 fixed-term workers act and focuses policy on creating conditions for firms to expand employment while safeguarding nonregular workers. [1]

Key Facts

• Korean American doctor Tom Kim dies at 81: Kim Yu-geun, known as Tom Kim, died on Friday, leaving a lasting legacy of free medical care for low-income Americans. He founded the Free Medical Clinic of America in Knoxville in 1993 to serve uninsured, working people. The clinic was renamed Kim Health Care in 2023 to honor his service. [1]
• Clinic renamed Kim Health Care in 2023: The Free Medical Clinic of America was renamed Kim Health Care in 2023 to honor his service and ongoing work in the community. [1]
• Immigrated to United States in 1961: Kim came to the United States in 1961 and built a life around providing free care for those who could not afford it. [1]
• South Korean civil merit awarded in 2010: In 2010, the South Korean government conferred an order of civil merit on Kim for his public health work in Tennessee. [1]
• FBI Director's Community Leadership Award in 2013: Kim was awarded the FBI Director's Community Leadership Award in 2013 for his community service efforts. [1]
• Mayor mourns; center posts tributes: Knoxville Mayor Indya Kincannon mourned Kim's passing, praising his work helping thousands access free health care, as the Kim Health Center posted tributes on social media. [1]

Who Said What

• Kim Health Center, Organization: "It is with deep sadness that we learned of Dr. Tom Kim's passing last night," the center posted on social media, noting the loss and the need to continue his mission. [1]
• Kim Health Center, Organization: "He was, and will remain, an inspiration. We will miss his visits at the clinic and his stories of his incredible life. We are honored to continue his mission and legacy of service to the community," the center wrote on social media. [1]
• Indya Kincannon, Mayor of Knoxville: "Dr. Kim started the Free Medical Clinic of America, and has helped thousands of East Tennesseans access health care through his free clinics," the mayor wrote on Facebook. [1]

Key Facts

• Record temple-stay participation hits 349,219 in 2025: The Jogye Order reports 349,219 participants at 158 temples nationwide, up 5.1% from the previous year. Among them, 293,704 were South Korean and 55,515 were foreign visitors. The nationwide reach across 158 temples highlights the program's growing appeal across domestic and international visitors. This marks the highest participation since the program began in 2002. [1]
• Program launched in 2002 to promote culture and lodging relief: Temple stays were introduced to promote traditional Korean culture and ease accommodation shortages during the 2002 World Cup co hosted by Korea and Japan. The first year drew about 2,500 participants at 33 temples. The initiative was designed to blend cultural immersion with practical lodging solutions during a major international event. [1]
• Participation and temple network grew dramatically: Since its start, the program has expanded from 33 temples to 158 temples and from a few thousand participants to about 4.18 million people overall. The growth reflects sustained interest in cultural experiences outside the capital and a broadening geographic reach. The figure signals the program's maturation into a nationwide cultural tourism activity. [1]
• Jogye Order plans regional expansion and new programs: The Jogye Order says it will promote temple stays in coordination with cultural and tourism resources outside Seoul to boost regional economies. It also intends to introduce stress-relief and mental health programs, along with initiatives aimed at socially marginalized groups. These plans aim to broaden access and tailor offerings to diverse audiences. [1]
• Temple stays spread nationwide to 158 temples: The program now operates across 158 temples nationwide, illustrating a shift from a localized pilot to a nationwide cultural tourism staple. The expansion accompanies ongoing efforts to integrate temple stays into regional tourism and cultural promotion. [1]

Key Facts

• Foreign maids in Seoul pilot underpaid: A survey of 21 housekeepers from the Philippines and two translators found average gross wages of 1.92 million won per month in the first six months of the project, with net pay after costs around 1.18 million won. The figures contrast with South Korea’s 2024 average monthly wage of 3.74 million won, highlighting a substantial pay gap in the program. [1]
• Pilot admitted 100 workers, 150+ households: The Seoul metropolitan government launched the foreign maid pilot in September 2024, allowing entry of 100 workers to work as housekeepers at more than 150 households in the city. The project aimed to address labor shortages and support women in maintaining careers. [1]
• Program ends in December 2025: The project concluded in December of the following year, ending the phased employment of the foreign maids under the pilot. The survey results review the program’s outcomes and the conditions experienced by workers during its operation. [1]
• Wages far below Korean average: Gross wages averaged 1.92 million won, with net earnings after costs around 1.18 million won. By comparison, the 2024 Korean average monthly wage was about 3.74 million won, underscoring a sizable disparity between the pilot workers and the general labor market. [1]
• Duties beyond job scope reported: Respondents said they were asked to perform tasks outside their agreed duties, including washing dishes, caring for pets, and tutoring children in English, indicating scope creep in the work arrangement. [1]
• Findings published in KAIPA journal: The survey was conducted from April to May 2025 among 21 housekeepers and two translators and later published in a journal by the Korea Association for Immigration Policy and Administration. [1]

Who Said What

• Lee Mi-ae, Professor, Jeju National University: "We must ... reevaluate the value of child care, recognize the economic value of housekeeping labor, and foster a virtuous cycle of providing high quality housekeeping services and jobs," said professor Lee Mi-ae of Jeju National University, who conducted the survey. This underscores the study's emphasis on recognizing domestic labor's economic worth and the need for policy action. [1]

Key Facts

• Disciplinary action possible against JCS chair and Army chief: Defense ministry says the revision to the Military Personnel Management Act allows punishing the Joint Chiefs of Staff chairman and the Army chief of staff. The revised act lets the defense minister form a disciplinary committee with more than three generals when there is a need to punish these top leaders. The committee could include officers who outrank the punished individuals, and if ranks are the same, faster-promoted officers may sit on the panel. Previously, the JCS chairman and the Army chief could not be punished because they outrank all four-star generals. [1]
• Parliament passes revision to empower disciplinary panels: The National Assembly passed the Military Personnel Management Act revision on Thursday, according to the defense ministry. The revision enables the defense minister to establish a disciplinary panel with more than three generals to sanction the JCS chairman and Army chief when warranted. The change reflects a shift toward accountability at the highest levels of the armed forces. [1]
• Disciplinary panel must include higher-rank officers: Under the new rules, a military disciplinary committee is designed to consist of more than three officers who hold higher rank than those subject to punishment. If the panel includes members with the same rank as the punished officers, those who were commissioned or promoted faster can sit on the committee. The structure ensures the panel has authority comparable to the rank of those being judged. [1]
• Park An-su case spurred this revision: The revision comes after former Army Chief of Staff Gen. Park An-su, who commanded operations related to a botched martial law bid in 2024, was discharged without disciplinary measures. His case highlighted perceived gaps in accountability at the top of the military hierarchy. The act aims to close that gap by enabling punishment of the top leaders when needed. [1]

Key Facts

• Daejeon court upholds life sentence: The Daejeon High Court on Friday upheld the lower court’s life imprisonment for Myeong Jae-wan, 49, who was convicted of stabbing seven-year-old Kim Ha-neul to death at a school about a year earlier. The ruling confirms the murder verdict and ends the appeal without reducing the sentence. The decision preserves the most severe punishment available in the case. [1]
• Indictment details luring girl to classroom: Prosecutors say Myeong lured the student to a classroom in the afternoon of February 10, 2025 by offering a book, then stabbed her with a weapon prepared in advance. She was also charged with kicking and damaging a school computer and assaulting another teacher several days before the murder. [1]
• Victim identified as seven-year-old Kim Ha-neul: The victim was a seven-year-old student at the school. She was leaving an afterschool care program when she was lured into a classroom and attacked, leading to her death, according to court records. [1]
• 30-year electronic monitoring ordered: The appellate court also confirmed a lower-court order requiring Myeong to wear an electronic tracking device for 30 years as part of the sentence. [1]
• Undated police photo accompanies case: An undated file photo provided by the Daejeon Metropolitan Police Agency shows Myeong Jae-wan, with the image captioned as not for sale in the report. [1]

Key Facts

• Seoul High Court rules against NHIS in tobacco damages case: The appellate court upheld a lower court ruling in favor of KT&G and the local units of British American Tobacco and Philip Morris. NHIS's 2014 suit sought 53.3 billion won to cover treatment costs from 2003-2013 for 3,465 patients who smoked heavily. The ruling means the state health insurer cannot recover those costs from tobacco firms. It marks a setback for the government's effort to hold tobacco companies financially accountable for smoking-related illnesses. [1]
• NHIS sought 53.3 billion won for cancer treatment costs: In 2014 NHIS filed suit for 53.3 billion won to cover treatment costs from 2003-2013 for 3,465 patients who smoked heavily. The insurer argued a causal link between smoking and lung cancer. The court rejected that causal link, saying the NHIS expenditures were based on its statutory duties. The decision referenced a Supreme Court ruling indicating that a smoker's lung cancer diagnosis alone cannot establish causation and that other factors must be considered. [1]
• Court cites Supreme Court precedent on causation: The appellate court highlighted that a diagnosis of cancer in a smoker does not prove the firms caused the illness. Other factors beyond smoking must be weighed to establish liability. This legal standard underpins the court's ruling. [1]
• NHIS President Jung Ki-suck reacted with disappointment: NHIS President Jung Ki-suck said there is a big disparity between science and law. He described the verdict as disappointing and regrettable, while expressing hope for eventual recognition. He added that there is scientific evidence, though not absolute, that smoking can cause lung cancer. [1]
• Earlier rulings framed the case: A district court had previously ruled against NHIS in 2020, finding it hard to establish a direct link between the insurer's expenditures and tobacco firms' businesses. The 2014 suit and the 2020 ruling set the stage for today’s appellate decision. [1]

Who Said What

• Jung Ki-suck, NHIS President: "There is a big disparity between science and law." [1]
• Jung Ki-suck, NHIS President: "Although it is a disappointing and regrettable verdict, I believe there will be recognition someday." [1]
• Jung Ki-suck, NHIS President: "While not 100 percent, it is a scientific truth that you can get lung cancer if you smoke." [1]

Key Facts

• G-Dragon and Stray Kids set to perform at Paris charity concert: K-pop stars G-Dragon and Stray Kids are scheduled to return to the stage for a charity concert organized by the hospital foundation associated with French first lady Brigitte Macron in Paris. Music industry sources identified both acts as part of the event's lineup, signaling another high-profile appearance by Korean artists at the gala. Their participation continues the gala's recent pattern of inviting global pop names to draw attention and ticket revenue for the cause. [1]
• Le Gala des Pieces Jaunes will be staged at Paris La Defense Arena on Jan. 22: The event, billed as the 2026 Le Gala des Pieces Jaunes or Yellow Coins Gala, is scheduled for Jan. 22 at Paris La Defense Arena. Organizers expect a large turnout at the arena, which hosts major concerts and cultural events, and the date places the performance in the foundation's annual winter fundraising efforts. The setting and timing underscore the foundation's aim to leverage big venues and star power to boost donations. [1]
• Global stars Christina Aguilera and A$AP Rocky join the star-studded lineup: The gala's announced roster also includes international pop stars Christina Aguilera and A$AP Rocky, adding mainstream global appeal to the program. Their presence alongside K-pop acts points to a deliberately diverse lineup intended to attract a broad audience and maximize ticket-driven fundraising. The mix of artists reflects the foundation's recent strategy of booking international names to increase visibility and revenue. [1]
• Both K-pop acts have prior appearances at the Yellow Coins gala: Stray Kids previously performed at the gala in 2024, and G-Dragon took part in the 2025 edition, where he appeared with BIGBANG bandmate Taeyang and other K-pop stars including BLACKPINK's Rosé and BTS' J-Hope. Those past appearances established a pattern of K-pop participation that the foundation is continuing with the 2026 roster. The recurring inclusion of major Korean acts has helped fuel international attention for the fundraiser. [1]
• The Yellow Coins campaign supports hospitalized children and adolescents since 1989: The Fondation des Hopitaux has run the Yellow Coins fundraising campaign nearly every year since 1989 to support children and adolescents hospitalized in medical facilities. The long-running program channels donations to hospital care and patient support services, making the gala an extension of a decades-old charitable effort. The event links cultural programming with a targeted health-care philanthropy mission. [1]
• Since 2023 the foundation has used global concerts to raise funds via ticket sales: Beginning in 2023, the foundation began organizing concerts featuring musicians from around the world specifically to raise money through ticket sales, turning performances into a core fundraising mechanism. That shift explains the international mix on the 2026 bill and the emphasis on high-profile artists like Aguilera, A$AP Rocky, G-Dragon, and Stray Kids. The concert format aims to convert popular culture audiences into donors for hospital programs. [1]

Key Facts

• Public-sector employment holds at 2.86 million in 2024: Public-sector jobs totaled about 2.86 million in 2024, up 0.1% from 2023, according to data from the Ministry of Data and Statistics. The level is near the pandemic-era peak, which reached 2.89 million in 2022 before easing in 2023. Officials say the size has been maintained since 2022, reflecting pandemic-related demand and public-sector expansion policies of former President Moon Jae-in's administration. [1]
• 2022 peak reached 2.89 million amid pandemic hiring: The spike followed the creation of new positions to address COVID-19 needs; the count then declined by 0.2% in 2023 before stabilizing in 2024. [1]
• Official says size has been maintained since 2022: Choi Jae-hyuk, a senior ministry official, said the overall size of public-sector employment has been maintained since 2022, pointing to pandemic demand and policy choices of the Moon Jae-in administration. [1]
• Age distribution centers on people in their 40s: People in their 40s accounted for 750,000 public-sector jobs, followed by those in their 30s with 744,000 and those in their 50s with 711,000, according to the data. [1]
• Data source is the Ministry of Data and Statistics: The numbers come from the ministry's data release on public-sector employment. [1]

Who Said What

• Choi Jae-hyuk, senior ministry official: Overall, the size of public-sector employment has been maintained since 2022, due to pandemic-related demand and the public-sector expansion policies of former President Moon Jae-in's administration. [1]

Key Facts

• ‘Squid Game’ Season 3 earns stunt ensemble nomination: Netflix’s Korean series Squid Game Season 3 was named a nominee for outstanding action performance by a stunt ensemble in a television series, an honor announced by organizers on Jan. 7. The nomination was revealed as part of the list for this year’s Actor Awards, the prizes presented by the U.S. performers’ union. The recognition highlights the show’s stunt team rather than acting nominees this season. [1]
• Nomination puts the series alongside four high-profile competitors: The stunt-ensemble nomination places Squid Game Season 3 in competition with Disney+’s Andor, Paramount+’s Landman, HBO’s The Last of Us and Netflix’s Stranger Things. That grouping frames the show against other effects- and stunt-driven television likely to attract attention from the union’s voting membership. The list shows the category spans streaming platforms and prestige dramas. [1]
• Actor Awards is the new name for the SAG Awards: Organizers have rebranded the long-running SAG Awards as the Actor Awards, and the stunt-ensemble prize will be presented under that name on March 1. The change reflects the event’s continued role as an industry peer-recognized prize given by performers’ representatives. The March presentation date fixes when nominees will learn whether they won. [1]
• Franchise has prior Actor Awards success at the 2022 ceremony: Squid Game’s first season previously won three awards at the 2022 SAG Awards, taking best male actor, best female actor and outstanding action performance by a stunt ensemble. That earlier sweep established the franchise’s standing with the union’s community and sets expectations that subsequent seasons will be judged against its initial impact. The Season 3 nomination continues the series’ visibility in peer voting. [1]
• Awards are chosen by a large SAG-AFTRA membership: The Actor Awards recognize individual and ensemble achievements across film, drama series and comedy series, with nominees and winners selected by members of SAG-AFTRA, a community of more than 160,000 performers and media workers. That voting pool makes the prizes a peer-based measure of industry recognition. The union’s membership size helps explain the awards’ influence within the industry. [1]

Key Facts

• Court dismisses activist suit opposing Yongin cluster: The Seoul Administrative Court ruled that the environmental activists' lawsuit, filed by Climate Solution and 16 others in March last year, to nullify the land ministry's approval of the Yongin semiconductor cluster was rejected. The plaintiffs argued the approval violated rules on greenhouse gas emissions calculations under the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and related laws. The ruling ends the challenge to the government's backing of the project. [1]
• Activists argued emission calculations flawed under carbon rules: The suit claimed the calculation and reduction plan for greenhouse gas emissions tied to the Yongin cluster were flawed under the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and other laws. The court's decision leaves the approval in place and allows continued development. [1]
• Yongin cluster inaugurated in March 2023 as semiconductor hub: The Yongin cluster was inaugurated in March 2023 and is intended to serve as a production hub for advanced semiconductor products. Major companies involved include Samsung Electronics and SK hynix, underscoring the project’s importance to Korea’s chip industry. [1]
• Samsung approved in 2024 to invest about 360 trillion won to build six facilities: Samsung Electronics received approval from the land ministry in 2024 to invest roughly 360 trillion won to construct six chip manufacturing facilities within the Yongin cluster, illustrating the scale of corporate backing for the project. [1]
• Construction under way as of January 2026: A caption with project imagery notes construction is under way at the Yongin cluster as of January 2026, reflecting ongoing development alongside regulatory outcomes. [1]

Key Facts

• Defense ministry opens official X account: The ministry announced an official X account for its spokesperson, with the handle @MNDSpokesperson, opened on Wednesday to improve public communication about defense policy. X is the platform formerly known as Twitter. The move signals a push to deliver defense messaging directly to citizens. [1]
• Account aims to improve transparency and trust: Officials say the account will transparently convey the military's core mission and explain defense policies in detail. The initiative is intended to bring official defense information closer to the public and reduce information gaps. [1]
• Photo accompanies report showing the new account: The article includes a photo caption noting an image captured from X illustrating the official account, reinforcing the launch narrative. [1]

Who Said What

• Chung Binna, spokesperson, Defense Ministry: "Social media is a space where people can communicate with each other at the closest range." [1]
• Chung Binna, spokesperson, Defense Ministry: "We will gradually build public trust by transparently and truthfully conveying the military's core mission and explaining defense policies in detail." [1]

Key Facts

• Daum separated from Kakao – On Dec 1 2025, Kakao Corp. finished legal and administrative steps to spin off Daum, making it fully independent after 11 years since their 2014 merger. [1]
• AXZ Corp. becomes service provider – Daum’s service provider was officially changed to AXZ Corp., a wholly owned subsidiary of Kakao, and the portal’s terms and conditions were updated to list AXZ as the operator as of Monday. [1]
• No service disruption for users – Kakao confirmed that users can continue logging into Daum with their integrated Kakao accounts and access services without interruption following the spinoff. [1]
• Business transfer to finish by year‑end – A Kakao official said system checks related to the change were completed and the company plans to wrap up the business transfer by the end of 2025. [1]
• Spinoff part of competitiveness strategy – Kakao announced the spinoff in May 2025 as part of a broader strategy to revive Daum’s competitiveness amid a declining market share. [1]
• Daum’s portal status – Daum remains South Korea’s second‑largest internet portal, but is now fully separated from Kakao after the 11‑year merger. [1]

Who Said What

• Kakao official – “We have completed system checks related to the change in Daum’s service provider… We plan to wrap up the business transfer by the end of the year.” (Kakao Corp. spokesperson, Dec 1 2025) [1]

Key Facts

• Authorities estimate up to 9.6 million accounts affected: A government investigation team including the Korea Internet & Security Agency says the breach could involve about 9.6 million Kyowon accounts after abnormal internal activity was detected Saturday and a ransomware incident was identified. The estimate accounts for overlaps across Kyowon’s eight affiliates, whose combined membership totals 13 million but narrows to about 5.54 million after removing duplicates. The 9.6-million figure counts users who hold more than one account. [1]
• Six hundred servers fall within breach scope: Investigators estimate that 600 of Kyowon Group’s 800 servers are affected, signaling a broad reach across the company’s networks and elevating concerns about potential data exposure. The figure helps frame the scale of the incident as authorities coordinate with security institutions. [1]
• Affiliates hold large membership, potential exposure: Eight Kyowon affiliates reportedly had 13 million members in total, narrowed to about 5.54 million after removing overlaps. The breadth across tutoring, appliance rentals and funeral services suggests the incident could affect a substantial portion of users across diverse operations. [1]
• Kyowon has not confirmed data leakage: Kyowon Group said it identified indications of a possible data leak and is cooperating with authorities and security institutions to determine whether consumer data was breached. The company noted it would notify users transparently if leakage is confirmed. [1]
• Company pledges transparent notification if breach verified: In its release, Kyowon emphasized that if customer data is leaked, it will notify users in a transparent manner, reflecting ongoing investigations and commitment to user communication. [1]

Who Said What

• Kyowon Group, Company: "We have identified indications of a possible data leak, and an investigation is under way with relevant organizations and security institutions to determine whether consumers' data was actually breached." [1]
• Kyowon Group, Company: "If customer data is confirmed to have been leaked, we will notify users in a transparent manner." [1]

Key Facts

• Rail passengers hit record 172.2 million in 2025: Total rail travel rose to 172.2 million, marking a new high for 2025. The gain came as demand for rail services remained strong amid ongoing network improvements. The result underscores rail as a key transport option in the year. [1]
• High-speed trains carry record 118.7 million riders: KTX and SRT together carried 118.7 million passengers, up 2.6 percent from the previous year. The high-speed services appear to be the main driver of overall rail growth. The data highlight the importance of fast rail options in shaping travel patterns. [1]
• KTX 93 million riders; SRT 26 million: About 93 million rode KTX, averaging 254,000 riders per day. SRT carried around 26 million riders, with a daily average near 71,000. The split shows KTX’s dominance in high-speed ridership while SRT remains a substantial contributor. [1]
• Conventional trains declined 3.6% to 53 million: Traditional rail passengers fell 3.6 percent to 53 million. The drop contrasts with gains in high-speed services, indicating a shift in rider preferences toward faster options. The trend points to ongoing adjustments within the rail network. [1]
• Seoul-Busan line busiest route at 83.6 million: The Seoul-Busan corridor registered 83.6 million travelers, with 61.4 million on high-speed trains. The route remains the central spine of rail demand in Korea. The figures emphasize the route’s pivotal role in connecting the two largest cities. [1]
• Seoul Station busiest with 43.9 million: Seoul Station handled 43.9 million passengers, followed by Busan at 26.1 million and Dongdaegu at 20.5 million. These hubs illustrate where the system concentrates its traffic. The pattern highlights the urban centers that anchor passenger flows. [1]

Key Facts

• SK hynix will showcase 16-layer HBM4 48GB at CES Jan. 6: SK hynix announced it will present a 16-layer HBM4 chip with 48 gigabytes capacity at CES 2026, positioning the product as its latest offering in AI memory. The company set up a showroom at the Venetian Expo in Las Vegas under the theme "Innovative AI, Sustainable Tomorrow" to display the new chip. The showing is intended to highlight SK hynix's leadership in the AI memory sector as the industry focuses on larger, faster memory for AI workloads. [1]
• Showroom at the Venetian Expo will present AI memory lineup: SK hynix established a showcase space at the Venetian Expo where visitors can see its AI memory solutions, linking the new HBM4 unit to a broader product narrative. The venue choice places the company in the central CES exhibition footprint, allowing direct exposure to AI hardware customers and partners. The showroom frames the HBM4 unveiling as part of a coordinated trade-show push rather than a standalone announcement. [1]
• 16-layer HBM4 48GB follows 12-layer HBM4 36GB model: The 16-layer 48GB HBM4 is presented as a follow-up to SK hynix's earlier 12-layer HBM4 36GB product, indicating an incremental layering and capacity strategy. The company said the new model will be exhibited for the first time at CES, signaling product progression in its HBM4 roadmap. That continuity underscores SK hynix's effort to scale capacity and density to meet AI customers' growing needs. [1]
• New HBM4 chip is under development per customer schedules: SK hynix stated the 16-layer HBM4 48GB is currently under development and being timed to align with customer implementation schedules. The company framed the development as responsive to client needs rather than a finished, shipping product, suggesting availability will depend on partner validation and integration. This emphasis on customer schedules highlights close coordination between memory suppliers and AI system builders. [1]
• SK hynix will also display Nvidia GPU module with HBM3E chips: Alongside the HBM4 preview, SK hynix will show an Nvidia GPU module populated with its HBM3E chips, which it noted are widely used in current AI computing. Presenting both the latest HBM3E deployments and the next-generation HBM4 prototype lets SK hynix demonstrate continuity from today's mainstream AI memory to its future offerings. The dual display underscores partnerships with GPU makers and the practical role of HBM3E in today’s AI infrastructure. [1]
• CEO Kwan Noh-jung met Nvidia officials in Las Vegas, cooperation discussed: SK hynix Chief Executive Kwan Noh-jung met with Nvidia representatives at a Las Vegas hotel, and industry sources say the discussions likely covered cooperation between the companies. The meeting during CES aligns with SK hynix’s exhibition of an Nvidia GPU module and signals ongoing collaboration between a major memory supplier and a leading GPU vendor. Such engagement could shape future GPU-memory co-design and supply agreements for AI systems. [1]

Who Said What

• SK hynix, Semiconductor company: SK hynix said it will present its latest AI memory solutions, including the 16-layer HBM4 48GB chip, at CES 2026, [1]
• Kwan Noh-jung, Chief Executive Officer, SK hynix: Kwan Noh-jung met with Nvidia officials in Las Vegas and is believed to have discussed cooperation, [1]

Key Facts

• Japan explains seafood safety at Lee-Takaichi summit: The security adviser presented explanations about the safety of Japan's seafood products during the Lee-Takaichi summit. The briefing framed safety as a priority in ongoing diplomatic discussions. Officials aimed to reassure international partners about food safety standards. The remarks reflect a diplomatic emphasis on public health and trade safeguards. [1]
• Security adviser leads seafood safety briefing: The adviser spoke to attendees about oversight and safety measures for Japan's seafood products. The briefing emphasized monitoring and inspection processes that underpin safety assurances. The article frames the remarks as part of Japan's diplomacy at the summit. [1]
• Event dated January 14, 2026: The report's timestamps place the briefing on January 14, 2026, aligning all coverage with that date. [1]

Key Facts

• Labor ministry vows action against Coupang on Jan 13: On Jan 13, the labor ministry signaled stern action against Coupang over alleged violations of paid weekly holidays. It said temporary workers who are continuously employed should be treated as regular employees. If temporary contracts are renewed day to day, employers must provide paid holidays. The ministry also pledged closer monitoring and zero tolerance for violations. [1]
• Coupang unit limited weekly holiday pay to five days: Coupang Fulfillment Services revised its rules in 2024 to limit weekly holiday allowances to workers who are present five or more days per week. By law, employers must provide paid holiday hours to employees working at least 15 hours a week. The ministry had instructed CFS to change the revised rule after lawmakers voiced concerns during a parliamentary audit last year. Despite the instruction, CFS did not revise the five-day condition and continued denying weekly holiday allowances. [1]
• Ministry to tighten oversight with zero tolerance: The labor ministry said it would step up monitoring of Coupang and warned of 'zero tolerance' for further violations. This move follows prior government actions addressing concerns raised during a parliamentary audit. It signals a firmer regulatory stance on holiday-pay compliance in the sector. [1]

Who Said What

• Labor Ministry, Government agency: "If the contracts of such temporary workers are repeatedly renewed on a day-to-day basis, employers must provide paid holidays." This clarifies that ongoing temporary employment should be treated as regular employment with paid holidays. [1]

Key Facts

• New first graders expected under 300,000 in 2026: The education ministry estimates 298,178 new first graders nationwide in 2026. This would be the first time the figure falls below 300,000. The decline is linked to the country’s very low birth rate and aging population, and officials say the projection reflects updated population data and other factors. [1]
• Total school-age students projected to dip below 5 million: The ministry forecasts the combined enrollment across elementary, middle and high schools to fall under 5 million this year, to 4,836,890. It shows continued declines in subsequent years, with totals of 4,661,385 in 2027, 4,488,023 in 2028, 4,280,164 in 2029, 4,056,402 in 2030 and 3,811,087 in 2031. [1]
• Projection moved up to 2026 from 2027: The ministry had initially projected the drop below 300,000 would occur in 2027, but after reviewing factors including the registered population, the timing was brought forward to 2026. [1]
• Historic declines show long-term shrinkage: Government data trace the decline from 713,500 first graders in 1999 to 699,032 in 2000, then continued drops to 534,816 in 2008, 468,233 in 2009, 401,752 in 2023, 353,713 in 2024 and 324,040 last year. [1]
• Future first graders projected to shrink further: The ministry projects 277,674 first graders in 2027, then 262,309 in 2028, 247,591 in 2029, 232,268 in 2030 and 220,481 in 2031. The 2031 figure is about 32 percent smaller than last year's number. [1]
• Education sector facing closures and recruitment gaps: The rapid population decline is driving school closures nationwide and leaving universities outside the capital region with difficulty recruiting students. [1]

Key Facts

• PM calls for measures to root out cult evils: During a Cabinet meeting on Tuesday, Prime Minister Kim Min-seok urged steps to eradicate what he described as the evils of religious cults. He said ministries should examine ways to curb the influence of pseudo-religions in their fields. The remarks come as authorities pursue a joint police-prosecution inquiry into bribery allegations involving the Unification Church, Shincheonji, and politicians. [1]
• Joint probe into Unification Church and Shincheonji: The investigation involves bribery allegations connected to these groups and politicians, conducted by police and prosecutors in a coordinated effort. The PM’s call for eradicating pseudo-religions is framed against this inquiry, signaling a broader government push. [1]
• Pseudo-religions deemed social evils needing eradication: Kim described pseudo-religions as social evils that must be eradicated, linking concern to alleged corrupt ties and overseas crime. He warned that leaving the problem unaddressed could worsen and become a national-scale threat. [1]
• Ministries urged to pursue cross-agency eradication: Kim called on all ministries to explore ways to eradicate the evils of pseudo-religions in their fields, signaling a broad, cross-government effort beyond the police-prosecution inquiry. [1]
• President previously urged strict corruption investigations: President Lee Jae Myung has previously called for strict investigations into alleged corruption linking religious groups and politicians, aligning with the PM’s stance. [1]
• Faith leaders meeting precedes Cabinet remarks: A meeting with faith leaders on Monday preceded the cabinet remarks, with the PM expressing sympathy toward their concerns about harm caused by religious sects and their ties to politics and ordinary citizens. [1]

Who Said What

• Kim Min-seok, Prime Minister: "Pseudo-religions are social evils that need to be eradicated." [1]
• Kim Min-seok, Prime Minister: "If we leave them like this, they will become serious evils on a national scale." [1]
• Kim Min-seok, Prime Minister: "Together with a thorough joint investigation into the Unification Church, Shincheonji and other groups, I would like all ministries to explore ways to eradicate the evils of pseudo-religions in their respective fields." [1]

Key Facts

• North Korea labels South Korea its most hostile enemy: The Yonhap report describes Pyongyang as calling Seoul the most hostile foe. The phrasing signals a sharp stance toward the South and reflects ongoing tensions on the Korean peninsula. [1]

Key Facts

• Samsung chief's son joins Navy as interpreter officer: Lee Jee-ho, son of Samsung Electronics Chairman Lee Jae-yong, has been assigned to the Navy's Mine/Amphibious Flotilla Five to serve as an interpreter officer in the information and strategy staff officer's office. This role places him in a liaison position within a unit focused on mine warfare and amphibious operations. His duties include facilitating interpretation between commanders during joint drills with foreign forces. [1]
• Interpreter duties tied to joint drills with foreign forces: As an interpreter officer, he will provide interpretation between military commanders during joint drills with international partners. He works within the Mine/Amphibious Flotilla Five's information and strategy staff office, supporting command communications and coordination during exercises. [1]
• Among 89 officers commissioned in Changwon ceremony: Lee was among 89 new Navy and Marine Corps officers officially commissioned in a ceremony at the Naval Academy in Changwon in November. The event marked the formal entry of new officers into service at the start of their careers. [1]
• Born in the United States in 2000, renounced U.S. citizenship: Born in the United States in 2000 with dual South Korea–U.S. citizenship, Lee Jee-ho renounced his U.S. citizenship to fulfill his mandatory military duty as a South Korean citizen. The move aligns with South Korea's conscription requirements. [1]
• Caption identifies Nov. 28, 2025 commissioning photo: A caption accompanying the coverage identifies the commissioning ceremony photo taken on Nov. 28, 2025, showing Samsung Chairman Lee Jae-yong, his son Lee Jee-ho, and Hong Ra-hee at the Naval Academy in Changwon. [1]

Key Facts

• Record 17.8 million visit royal palaces, tombs and Jongmyo Shrine: Officials said 17,805,664 people visited these sites in 2025, up 12.8 percent from 2024. The tally marks the highest annual total on record and, for the first time, the combined visits to the four palaces, Jongmyo Shrine and the royal tombs exceeded 17 million. The year followed a plunge during the COVID-19 pandemic and four consecutive years of rebound. [1]
• Gyeongbok Palace led with 6.89 million visitors: Gyeongbok Palace drew 6.89 million visitors, accounting for 38.7 percent of admissions to all royal palaces and tombs. Deoksu Palace followed with 3.56 million, Changdeok Palace with 2.22 million and Changgyeong Palace with 1.60 million. [1]
• Foreign visitors rise to 4.27 million, up 34.4%: International visitors reached 4.27 million in 2025, a 34.4 percent rise from 2024, with foreign tourists making up nearly a quarter of total visitors. [1]
• Foreign share 40.4% at Gyeongbok; 16.8% at Jongmyo: Foreign attendees comprised about 40.4 percent of visitors at Gyeongbok Palace and an estimated 16.8 percent at Jongmyo Shrine. [1]

Key Facts

• 1881: Nine Joseon officials chosen for Japan mission: The royal authorities designated nine young officials to study Japan's modernization. The delegation stayed four months in Japan, observing a Western-style administration and advanced technology. The move reflected Korea's early interest in adopting reforms from its neighbor. The mission underscored the era's push to modernize amid regional change. [1]
• 1896: Short-hair edict triggers public resistance: Authorities announced in-depth regulations regarding an edict requiring short hair issued a year earlier. Confucian tradition tied hair to ancestral lineage, sparking fierce public resistance. The episode reveals the tension between reform ambitions and social norms in Joseon society. [1]
• 2010: North Korea proposes peace treaty talks: North Korea proposed talks on replacing the armistice with a peace treaty. The proposal suggested the issue could be discussed at an independent meeting of armistice signatories or within the six-party framework. South Korea reacted skeptically, warning that the move could complicate multilateral negotiations on Pyongyang's nuclear aims. [1]
• 2011: Akh unit arrives in Dubai to train: A 120-man South Korean Akh unit arrived in Dubai to help train soldiers there. The visit marked an expansion of Seoul's defense cooperation abroad. The deployment illustrated ongoing security partnerships and military diplomacy outside Korea. [1]
• 2017: Defense white paper cites 50 kg plutonium: South Korea's defense white paper stated that North Korea possessed 50 kilograms of weapons-grade plutonium. The figure informs assessments of Pyongyang's capacity to weaponize. It shapes defense planning and regional deterrence considerations. [1]
• 2019: Yang Sung-tae questioned in power abuse probe: Former Supreme Court Chief Justice Yang Sung-tae underwent prosecution questioning over a power abuse scandal. He was the first former head of the Supreme Court to face criminal scrutiny in this way. He was indicted the following month on 47 counts related to leadership abuse and faced trial. [1]

Key Facts

• North Korea hailed a 'rural revolution' on Jan. 7 ahead of party congress: Seoul-based Yonhap reported that North Korea on Jan. 7 lauded its work toward a so-called new-era rural revolution as the regime prepares to hold its ninth party congress early this year. The state-aligned Rodong Sinmun carried the praise, framing rural development as a central achievement the leadership will present before the party meeting. The coverage positions rural progress as part of the broader political agenda tied to the congress and forthcoming planning decisions. [1]
• Rodong Sinmun calls farm-village construction an 'immortal journey' with claimed gains: North Korea's most widely read newspaper described construction of farm villages as an 'immortal journey' and credited recent efforts with increased agricultural output, advances in farming technologies and improvements in the rural environment. The article listed those achievements as evidence of progress but did not provide specific production figures or measurable data. Presenting improvements without hard numbers allows the state media to highlight success while withholding details. [1]
• State paper says rural revolution is 'unprecedented' in scope and tasks: Rodong Sinmun explicitly characterized the new-era rural revolution as an undertaking 'unprecedented in the country's socialist construction in terms of the range and depth of its transformation and the magnitude of its tasks.' That language frames rural modernization as a major ideological and practical project for the regime, signaling it will be a headline item as officials set policy priorities at the congress. The description underscores the political importance the leadership assigns to rural development ahead of a new planning period. [1]
• Ninth party congress expected in January or February to set a five-year plan: Yonhap reported that North Korea is expected to convene its ninth party congress in January or February, where leaders are anticipated to formulate a new five-year development plan. This congress will be the first since the eighth in 2021, when a previous five-year economic plan was adopted, making the upcoming meeting a likely venue to define economic and rural priorities for the next term. The timing links the media campaign on rural progress directly to the policy agenda that will be debated at the congress. [1]
• KCNA file photo shows Kim Jong-un mosaic at new rural housing complex: Yonhap included a note that North Korea's official Korean Central News Agency circulated a file photo on Nov. 27, 2025, showing a mosaic mural of leader Kim Jong-un at a newly built rural housing complex in North Hamgyong Province. The image use signals a leadership-centered narrative tying Kim's image to rural construction projects, a common propaganda technique to associate the leader with tangible development achievements. Including the photo underscores how state media pairs visuals with print praise to bolster the campaign ahead of the congress. [1]

Who Said What

• Rodong Sinmun, North Korea state-run newspaper:: "The new-era rural revolution is an undertaking that is unprecedented in the country's socialist construction in terms of the range and depth of its transformation and the magnitude of its tasks." The phrase elevates rural modernization to a central ideological project and signals the regime will prioritize those efforts in the policy agenda presented at the upcoming party congress. [1]

Key Facts

• Winter becomes UNC deputy commander: Lt. Gen. Scott A. Winter of Australia was inaugurated as the new deputy commander of the United Nations Command during a transfer of responsibility ceremony at Camp Humphreys in Pyeongtaek, south of Seoul, on Friday. The event marked the formal assumption of duties for the Australian general officer in the U.N. command structure. The ceremony brought together senior officers and officials from UNC member states to witness the transition. [1]
• Winter replaces Macaulay: Winter succeeds Lt. Gen. Derek Macaulay as UNC deputy commander. The changeover was conducted through a formal transfer of responsibility, signaling a routine leadership rotation within the multinational command overseeing the Korean Peninsula. The ceremony underscored ongoing collaboration among UNC partners. [1]
• Winter is second Australian to hold post: Winter is the second Australian general officer to hold the UNC deputy commander post since the command’s creation 75 years ago. The milestone reflects Australia’s continuing role in the multinational leadership of the UNC. The post remains a key liaison between UNC and member nations guiding operations on the Korean Peninsula. [1]
• Gen. Brunson attends ceremony: Gen. Xavier Brunson, commander of United States Forces Korea, attended the ceremony and also serves as UNC commander, along with dignitaries from UNC member states. His presence highlighted the integrated leadership structure of the UNC and the U.S. forces stationed in Korea. The event emphasized the multinational nature of the command. [1]
• Ceremony held at Camp Humphreys: The transfer of responsibility took place at Camp Humphreys in Pyeongtaek, about 60 kilometers south of Seoul. The location is a major hub for U.S. forces in Korea and for UNC operations, underscoring the strategic significance of the deputy commander role. The ceremony formalized Winter’s duties within the UNC framework. [1]
• UNC leadership milestone: Winter’s inauguration underscores the ongoing multinational leadership of the UNC as it coordinates alliance efforts on the Korean Peninsula. The event reflects broad international participation in UNC governance and the continuity of allied defense commitments in the region. [1]

Key Facts

• Overseas orders hit 11-year high in 2025: Total offshore orders reached US$47.27 billion, the highest since 2014, up 27.4 percent from 2024, and driven by large energy projects such as the Dukovany nuclear plant deal in the Czech Republic. [1]
• European orders account for 42.6% of total: European contracts total US$20.16 billion, about 42.6 percent of the year's total, with the Czech project valued at US$18.72 billion shaping the regional tally. [1]
• Czech Republic leads by country with US$18.73B: The Czech Republic ranks first for overseas orders at US$18.73 billion, followed by the United States at US$5.79 billion, Iraq at US$3.46 billion, and Qatar and Saudi Arabia at US$2.85 billion each. [1]
• Middle East orders fall; NA/APAC decline: Orders from the Middle East drop 35.8 percent to US$11.8 billion, while North America and the Asia-Pacific region together fall 10 percent to US$6.4 billion. [1]
• Africa orders nearly triple to US$680M: African orders rise to US$680 million, nearly tripling from the previous year. [1]

Key Facts

• Missiles traveled about 900 km, JCS says: South Korea's Joint Chiefs of Staff disclosed the distance. The 900-km figure represents the flight reach of the ballistic missiles in the report. The release, issued on Jan 4, focuses on distance rather than launch details or missile type in this briefing. This update appears in Yonhap News Agency's coverage of the JCS statement. [1]

Key Facts

• Ruling Democratic Party and government pledge proactive fiscal policy: The ruling Democratic Party and the government publicly pledged to maintain a 'proactive' fiscal policy this year to prop up private consumption and revive the economy, framing fiscal support as central to demand-side recovery. The announcement came during a joint meeting on economic policies, signaling coordinated action between the party and the executive branch. Officials presented the pledge as a response to weak consumption and broader economic headwinds. [1]
• Finance Minister Koo prioritizes livelihoods and self-employed support: Finance Minister Koo Yun-cheol said the government will focus on supporting people's livelihoods and self-employed workers through a proactive fiscal stance that includes efforts to boost total demand. Koo linked household and small-business support directly to sustaining consumption, indicating targeted relief and stimulus measures will be emphasized. He framed this as an immediate priority within the broader fiscal approach. [1]
• Officials plan to foster semiconductors, defense and biotech industries: Koo said the government will foster the semiconductor, defense and biotechnology sectors while accelerating a shift to an ultra-innovative economy driven by AI transformation and the green transition. The emphasis on these industries signals a dual strategy of short-term demand support and longer-term structural investment to boost competitiveness. Policymakers presented industry fostering as part of the fiscal package to create jobs and sustain growth. [1]
• Government vows to confront external and structural economic challenges: Officials pledged to 'spare no effort' to overcome challenges including rising protectionism, disruptions in global supply chains and the weakening of traditional industries, identifying these risks as constraints on recovery. The pledge ties the proactive fiscal stance to defensive measures against external shocks and structural shifts. The government positioned fiscal action as both supportive and adaptive to evolving global and domestic pressures. [1]
• Pledge delivered at government–DP policy meeting at the National Assembly: The commitments were announced during a policy meeting between the government and the ruling Democratic Party held at the National Assembly on Jan. 7, where top officials discussed this year's economic policies. The venue and timing underscore coordination between the executive and the ruling party ahead of implementing fiscal measures. The meeting served as the formal setting for aligning priorities and communicating the government's economic strategy. [1]

Who Said What

• Koo Yun-cheol, Finance Minister: "proactive fiscal policy, including boosting total demand," Koo said, signaling the government will use fiscal measures to support households and self-employed people and to shore up consumption. [1]
• Koo Yun-cheol, Finance Minister: Koo said the government will spare no effort to overcome challenges such as rising protectionism, supply-chain disruptions and weakening traditional industries, highlighting the risks the fiscal policy aims to mitigate. [1]

Key Facts

• Jan. 7 entry collects landmark events across 1914–2025: Yonhap's Jan. 7 chronicle groups a series of widely spaced events that have shaped modern Korea, from early 20th-century advances in women's education to 21st-century political and legal turmoil. The list frames each anniversary as part of a continuous national story, linking social progress, colonial legacies and contemporary governance. The subsequent bullets follow that chronological thread to show how those themes recur over time. [1]
• 1914 — Ewha Hakdang opens and establishes Korea's first modern kindergarten: Ewha Hakdang, the first educational institute for women in Korea, founded what the entry identifies as the nation's first modern kindergarten on Jan. 7, 1914. That development marked an early institutional step toward formal education for girls and women in a society then under Japanese colonial dominance. The milestone is presented as the opening chapter in the Jan. 7 historical record. [1]
• 1946 — Rhee Syng-man opposes a five-year U.N. trusteeship for Korea: On Jan. 7, 1946, Rhee Syng-man issued a statement opposing placement of Korea under a five-year United Nations supervised trusteeship, reflecting fierce domestic debate over postwar governance. The entry notes Rhee's long-standing advocacy for Korean independence and records that he later became South Korea's first president in 1948, tying the trusteeship dispute to the origins of the republic's early leadership. This moment illustrates post-liberation political divisions that shaped the peninsula's subsequent trajectory. [1]
• 1949 — South Korea and Japan sign a secret pact on returning looted cultural properties: The Jan. 7 record states that in 1949 South Korea and Japan entered a secret agreement calling on Japan to return cultural properties taken during Japan's 1910–45 colonial rule. The pact highlights efforts, even in the immediate postwar period, to address the cultural losses of colonialism and to negotiate restitution outside public diplomatic channels. The inclusion underscores how cultural-property issues have been a recurring element of Japan–Korea relations. [1]
• 1950 — Japan orders 620,000 ethnic Koreans in Japan to register: The entry records that on Jan. 7, 1950, the Japanese government issued a decree forcing some 620,000 ethnic Koreans living in Japan to register with authorities. That decree reflects postwar state policies affecting Zainichi Koreans and the administrative measures used in the period immediately following Japan's defeat and Korea's liberation. The Jan. 7 selection places this administrative action alongside other events tied to the long shadow of colonial rule. [1]
• 2025 — Seoul court extends detention warrant for impeached President Yoon Suk Yeol: The Jan. 7 entry notes that in 2025 the Seoul Western District Court granted an extension of a warrant to detain impeached President Yoon Suk Yeol after the previous warrant expired, following investigators' failure to execute it when presidential security blocked access to his residence. The case arose from Yoon's brief imposition of martial law and is connected to an investigation by the Corruption Investigation Office for High-ranking Officials, signaling a significant legal escalation involving a former head of state. Placing this item in the Jan. 7 record ties contemporary accountability questions to the day's historical roster. [1]

Key Facts

• Hyundai HQ to be three 49-story towers by 2031: Seoul's city government announced the plan after Hyundai revised its concept from a single 105-story tower to three structures up to about 242 meters. The Global Business Complex in Gangnam will incorporate 49 floors above ground and eight underground levels. Altitude restrictions governing military operations were cited as a reason for the revision. [1]
• Complex includes hotel and 1,800-seat concert hall: The revised plan assigns the Global Business Complex mixed-use functions, including a hotel and cultural facilities such as a 1,800-seat concert hall intended for musicals and operas. A 15,000-square-meter mid-roof garden will be situated roughly 40 meters above ground. Exhibitions and other public spaces are planned as part of the venue mix. [1]
• Public contribution rises to 1.98 trillion won: The city and Hyundai agreed to raise the project’s public contribution to 1.98 trillion won from 1.74 trillion won. The adjustment signals a higher level of public benefits negotiated alongside private development. The deal aligns with Seoul’s strategy to anchor major corporate campuses in the Gangnam district. [1]
• Construction cost estimated at 5.24 trillion won: Total construction cost is estimated at 5.24 trillion won, reflecting the scale of the three-tower complex and its amenities. The figure underscores the enormous investment tied to Hyundai’s new headquarters. The plan envisions significant infrastructure integration around the site. [1]
• Ginkgo park links to Yeongdong-daero: A 14,000-square-meter ginkgo tree park will connect the complex to Yeongdong-daero, an arterial road with 14 lanes. The park aims to provide public space and a visual link to the surrounding district. The plan emphasizes connectivity with nearby transport routes and urban landscaping. [1]
• Site sits opposite COEX in Gangnam: The three-tower plan is located opposite the COEX exhibition center in Gangnam, a cornerstone of Seoul’s business district redevelopment. The project reflects a broader city strategy to attract global corporate campuses. The revision from a single tower to multiple buildings was driven by planning and operational considerations, including altitude restrictions. [1]

Key Facts

• Lions re-sign Kang Min-ho to two-year deal: The Samsung Lions announced on Sunday that they have retained their own free agent catcher Kang Min-ho on a two-year contract. He will earn 300 million won in annual salary in each of the next two seasons and can receive up to 200 million won per year in incentives. Kang took a signing bonus of 1 billion won up front. [1]
• Kang first in KBO to sign four free-agent deals: The contract makes Kang the first player in Korea Baseball Organization history to sign four deals in free agency, underscoring his longevity and value to the team. [1]
• Kang's career path includes Lotte debut and Lions stints: Kang debuted with the Lotte Giants in 2004 and reached free agency for the first time in 2014. He joined the Samsung Lions on a four-year deal in 2017 and signed another four-year agreement with the Lions in 2021. [1]
• Age-40 season: strong numbers and games leader: In 2025, the 40-year-old posted a .269 average with 12 homers and 71 RBIs, marking his 16th straight season with double-digit homers and contributing to the Lions’ pitching staff from behind the plate. He is the career leader in games played with 2,496. [1]
• Kang signals dynasty goal and 10-season plan: Kang said the deal will let him play 10 seasons with the Samsung Lions and that he wants to help build a dynasty over the next two years, calling the fourth free-agent deal meaningful for him. [1]

Who Said What

• Kang Min-ho, Samsung Lions catcher: "With this deal, I will get to play 10 seasons with the Samsung Lions and I want to help build a dynasty here over the next two years," the continuation completes the sentence expressing his long-term commitment. [1]
• Kang Min-ho, Samsung Lions catcher: "It means a lot to me to sign my fourth free agent deal," the statement highlights his milestone of securing a fourth free-agent contract. [1]

Key Facts

• Guardhouse baton directive issued, later withdrawn: An Army division in Gangwon Province ordered guards at guardhouses to carry three-tiered batons affixed to body armor rather than firearms during sentry duty. The plan would replace firearms with nonlethal batons. Critics argued such a change would leave guards ill-equipped to counter infiltrators armed with guns. After mounting criticism, the division hastily withdrew the directive. [1]
• Division followed Joint Chiefs of Staff guideline permitting nonlethal substitutes: The Joint Chiefs of Staff had issued a guideline granting general-level commanders discretion to substitute firearms with nonlethal weapons such as three-tiered batons and stun guns, depending on unit characteristics. The division reportedly followed that guideline before retracting the policy in response to concerns. [1]
• Critics argued baton plan would leave guards ill-equipped: Critics said three-tiered batons would not deter infiltrators armed with firearms and would undermine the guards’ core duty to respond to threats. The reversal was framed as a response to these concerns, indicating the risks of diluting armed security at entry points. [1]
• MDL-mapping guideline could push MDL southward: A separate guideline issued by the Joint Chiefs of Staff in September instructed front-line units to treat the southernmost line as the Military Demarcation Line when maps disagree, potentially pushing South Korean territory southward and expanding North Korean claims. The MDL boundary has been inconsistently marked for decades, with maps differing along much of the line. [1]
• North Korea missile launch and rising incursions cited: North Korea fired ballistic missiles off its east coast as part of a show of force, coinciding with regional tensions, while incursions across the MDL rose through the year, prompting questions about security implications of map-guidance changes. [1]
• Editorial calls for scrapping guideline and strengthening security: The piece argues for scrapping the baton directive and similar guidelines, insisting the military should bolster its posture rather than dilute it, and criticizes lax security mindsets that enable such shifts. [1]

Key Facts

• One in ten state-funded R&D lead researchers lost projects in 2024: Government data show the total number of lead researchers in government-funded R&D fell to 41,902 in 2024, a drop of 11.2% from the prior year. The decline comes amid sweeping budget cuts under the previous administration, which reduced opportunities for smaller projects. [1]
• Total government R&D spending and projects fell: Spending totaled 26.2 trillion won in 2024, down 9.6% from the year before, while the number of R&D projects dropped 13% to 60,696. The shift reflects broader budget trimming and a move toward larger-scale initiatives. [1]
• Participating researchers also declined: The total number of participating researchers decreased by 10.8% year-on-year to 276,215 in 2024, mirroring the contraction in lead researchers and project counts. [1]
• Decline tied to budget cuts and project scale: Officials said the downturn stems from budget cuts and a shift toward larger projects, which reduces opportunities for smaller, potentially more numerous projects. [1]
• Ministry forms task force to review impact: The Ministry of Science and ICT said it is operating a task force to review the budget cuts and assess their impact, including changes in the number and size of reduced projects and the affected researchers. [1]

Key Facts

• Trump photo posted from Busan airport with FAFO: The White House shared a black-and-white image of Donald Trump at Gimhae International Airport in Busan, published on X with the terse message 'No games, FAFO.' FAFO is explained as a warning that reckless actions have consequences. The post appears as Maduro’s capture and U.S. efforts in the region are framed as showing resolve. [1]
• Maduro capture tied to Operation Absolute Resolve: The photo’s release coincided with Operation Absolute Resolve, a military operation described as kicking off Friday night and continuing into Saturday morning to bring Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro to justice on drug trafficking and related U.S. charges. [1]
• FAFO signals U.S. resolve amid hemisphere contest: Observers say the FAFO message underscores a push to reassert American power in the Western Hemisphere, even as Maduro’s capture raises questions about messaging to rivals amid competition with China and Russia in the region. [1]
• Hegseth used FAFO in September: Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth invoked the phrase in a September speech at Quantico, saying that if necessary, troops could translate FAFO for potential adversaries, illustrating prior usage of the slogan. [1]

Key Facts

• Shinsegae, Alibaba sign MOU to expand overseas sales: Shinsegae Group and Alibaba Group Holding inked a memorandum of understanding to broaden overseas sales channels for competitive South Korean sellers. The agreement was signed on Jan 5, 2026, in Beijing during a Korea-China business forum on the sidelines of summit talks between South Korea's president and China's president. The partners aim to promote high-quality South Korean products identified by Shinsegae across Alibaba's e-commerce platforms. The goal is to generate more than 1 trillion won in annual transactions through the partnership within five years. [1]
• Cross-border expansion targets Daraz and Miravia: The plan includes expanding cross-border e-commerce to South Asia via Daraz and to southern Europe via Miravia. The initiative is designed to eventually extend to China and reach more than 200 countries and regions where Alibaba operates. [1]
• Shinsegae to identify products and recruit sellers: Shinsegae will focus on discovering competitive domestic products and recruiting sellers and manufacturers, while also providing strategies to help them succeed in global markets. [1]
• Alibaba International to provide platforms and AI translation: Alibaba International will offer its e-commerce platforms to facilitate global sales of the selected South Korean products and provide sellers with AI-based translation services to support overseas expansion. [1]
• Signing occurred in Beijing during Korea-China talks: The MOU was signed at a Korea-China business forum in Beijing on the sidelines of summit talks between the leaders of South Korea and China, underscoring the joint push to widen South Korean product reach. [1]

Key Facts

• T.O.P to return as solo artist for 20th debut anniversary: The former BIGBANG member announced a solo comeback on social media, saying a new album is on the way. A short video showed him writing the phrase "Another Dimension" in Korean and English on paper, hinting at a possible album title. No release date has been announced. [1]
• First release in 13 years since 2013 Doom Dada: The comeback would mark his first musical project since leaving BIGBANG in 2023, following a 2017 drug scandal that led to a prison sentence suspended for two years. His 2013 digital single 'Doom Dada' was his last release before this hiatus. [1]
• Drug scandal led to hiatus and suspended sentence: In 2017 he faced legal trouble for marijuana use, receiving 10 months in prison, suspended for two years, which paused his entertainment activities for years. He has since attempted to resume activities in acting. [1]
• Acting return with Squid Game Season 2: He returned to acting last year with Netflix's Squid Game Season 2, released in December 2024, signaling a broader comeback beyond music. [1]
• Remorse over past actions expressed publicly: In an interview for the series, he said he felt remorse toward his fellow BIGBANG members and described his past mistake as so serious that it felt like 10 years of his life were on hold, expressing it may be too late to return. [1]

Who Said What

• T.O.P, former BIGBANG member; actor: "I feel nothing but remorse toward my fellow BIGBANG members, both now and in the future. The mistake I made was so serious that it feels as though 10 years of my life have been put on hold. I'm so ashamed that it seems far too late for me to return," in an interview for the series, highlighting the emotional stakes of his comeback. [1]

Key Facts

• Lee presents Girindo painting to Xi at Beijing state dinner: During the state dinner at the Great Hall of the People, President Lee Jae Myung presented Xi Jinping with Girindo, a traditional painting depicting a girin, a mythical creature signaling a virtuous ruler and a time of peace and prosperity. The work measures 56 cm wide by 177 cm long and is a late-19th-century reproduction by artisan Eom Jae-kwon, featuring the girin among celestial peaches and peonies in vivid colors. [1]
• Gold-leaf frame accompanies the painting: Lee also gave Xi a gold-leaf frame crafted by Kim Gi-ho, a state-designated master gold-leaf artisan. Set against a red background, the frame is decorated with dragons symbolizing royalty and dignity. The pairing with Girindo emphasizes the ceremonial nature of the gift. [1]
• Gifts for Peng Liyuan include pendant, beauty device, and cultural mementos: Lee and first lady Kim Hea Kyung also prepared a traditional ornamental pendant and a beauty device for Peng Liyuan, Xi's wife. They presented a CD featuring songs personally sung by Peng, a former contemporary Chinese singer, and a photo album of Qing Dynasty stone lion statues that South Korea plans to donate to China. The gifts reflect cultural diplomacy and personal ties between the two households. [1]
• Earlier exchange featured Go board and Xiaomi smartphones: During their first meeting in South Korea last November, Lee gave Xi a Go board and a traditional Korean handicraft. Xi returned the gesture with a set of Xiaomi smartphones and traditional Chinese calligraphy tools. The two leaders have a pattern of exchanging culturally symbolic gifts that bolster bilateral rapport. [1]
• Xi welcomed with 21-gun salute at Tiananmen Square: Ahead of talks, Xi held a welcoming ceremony outside the Great Hall of the People, with a 21-gun salute in Tiananmen Square timed to his arrival. The ceremony underlined the ceremonial importance of the state visit. [1]
• First ladies' tea meeting and talk of joint performance: On the sidelines, Peng Liyuan and Kim Hea Kyung held a tea meeting at the venue, discussing food and their shared love of music. Peng said she felt a sense of closeness to Kim, according to vice presidential spokesperson Ahn Gwi-ryeong. Kim added that people around her had suggested a joint performance. [1]

Key Facts

• Culinary Class Wars: Season 2 tops Netflix's non-English series for a second week: Released Dec 16, the hit cooking competition tallies 4.7 million views in the week ending Dec 28, according to Tudum data from Netflix. [1]
• Season 2 lineup features renowned chefs and temple cuisine expert: The cast includes Michelin-starred Lee Joon and Son Jong-won, alongside Ven Seon-jae, celebrated for Buddhist temple cuisine, as they compete in the show’s contests. [1]
• Cashero debuts at No. 2 on the series chart with 3.8 million views: Netflix's Cashero, featuring Lee Jun-ho as a civil servant with supernatural powers, lands at No. 2 with 3.8 million views for the same period. [1]
• Dynamite Kiss ranks No. 3 with 3.3 million views: The romantic comedy stars Ahn Eun-jin and Jang Ki-yong and sits at No. 3 with 3.3 million views for the week. [1]
• I Dol I and The Price of Confession sit in top 10: ENA's I Dol I is No. 6 with 2.1 million views, and The Price of Confession, starring Jeon Do-yeon and Kim Go-eun, is No. 9 with 1.7 million views. [1]
• The Great Flood remains No. 1 on non-English movies chart: Directed by Kim Byung-woo, the sci-fi disaster film features Kim Da-mi as An-na; it drew 33.1 million views, up from 27.9 million the prior week, ahead of No. 2's 8.2 million. [1]

Key Facts

• Han River declared frozen for first time this winter: Weather authorities announced on Saturday that the Han River in Seoul has formed thick ice, marking the season's first freeze. The official declaration relies on thick ice in a 100-meter stretch between the Han River Bridge's second and fourth piers, a landmark structure linking Yongsan and Dongjak wards. [1]
• First freeze seven days earlier than usual: KMA notes the first freezing this season occurred seven days earlier than typical winters. In prior winters the first freeze was around Jan. 10; last winter it occurred on Feb. 9. [1]
• Official threshold defined as a 100-meter ice stretch: The declaration hinges on a 100-meter-long area of thick ice between the Han River Bridge's second and fourth piers, which serves as the official threshold for declaring the river frozen. [1]
• Photo shows river ice condition: A photo provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration shows thick ice on the river, illustrating the observed conditions that led to the declaration. [1]
• Cold snap continues to affect conditions: The river freeze occurs as a broader cold spell has persisted for days, contributing to the ongoing ice formation along the river corridor. [1]

Key Facts

• Japan's diplomatic support at 36.7%: A Korea Institute for National Unification survey found 36.7% of Japanese respondents favor diplomatic support to achieve peace on the Korean Peninsula. that rate sits well below the global average and the eight-nation pool's other members. Across the eight nations, Japan posted the lowest levels for diplomatic, economic, and military support. The other seven countries reported diplomatic support between 63.8% and 76.6%, economic support between 40.8% and 63.8%, and military support between 24.2% and 60.3%. [1]
• Japan's economic/military support lag: The same poll shows 25.8% support for economic backing and 12.7% for military backing among Japanese respondents. these figures are comparatively low against the other nations polled. the results illustrate a broad gap in policy preferences toward peace on the Korean Peninsula across the eight nations. [1]
• Poll method and scope detailed: The online survey was conducted Aug. 11-18. It included 1,000 respondents in seven countries—Japan, Germany, Mongolia, Sweden, Italy, Canada, and Poland—and 2,000 respondents in the United States. The findings cover eight nations and assess public attitudes toward diplomatic, economic, and military options. The report is published by the Korea Institute for National Unification. [1]
• U.S. military support at 52.1%: In the United States, 52.1% of respondents supported military backing for peace on the Korean Peninsula. this result sits alongside Japan's much lower figures and highlights international divergence in policy views. [1]
• Japan unification support at 29.3%: On the issue of Korean unification, approval exceeded 40% in all surveyed countries except Japan, where support stood at 29.3%. this underscores Japan's comparatively cautious stance toward reunification relative to other nations in the poll. [1]

Key Facts

• Kim Jong-un's '7•27 0001' plate on Aurus limousine: State media captured Kim riding an Aurus limousine bearing the plate '7•27 0001.' That has prompted questions about who holds the following numbers in the regime. Analysts say the plate sequence may be a proxy for formal precedence among top officials. [1]
• Pak Thae-song's plate '7•27 0002' and Choe Ryong-hae's '0003' identified in state TV footage: Yonhap analyzed footage from North Korea's state television and detected Pak Thae-song with '7•27 0002' and Choe Ryong-hae with '0003.' The identification appears in coverage of regime activities. [1]
• Pak Thae-song seen exiting vehicle with '7•27 0002' on Dec 11, 2025: A still image from state-run TV shows Pak stepping off a car bearing the '7•27 0002' plate as he attended an enlarged plenary meeting of the Workers' Party. [1]
• Experts say Pak's plate signals Cabinet's growing political status and empowerment on economic policy: Analysts say the plate suggests the Cabinet's status inside the leadership hierarchy has grown as Kim has empowered it to implement economic policy as the 'economic control tower,' aligning with a focus on livelihoods and regional development. [1]
• Lim Eul-chul: Pak's higher status indicates prioritization of economic development and livelihoods: Lim Eul-chul, a professor at Kyungnam University's Institute for Far Eastern Studies, notes the higher status in protocol signals the leader's emphasis on economic development and livelihoods. [1]
• Choe Ryong-hae's '0003' plate seen at constitution anniversary ceremony on Dec 27, 2025: Footage shows Choe Ryong-hae getting off a car with '0003' plate to attend the 53rd anniversary of North Korea's constitution. [1]

Key Facts

• Private sauna and bedroom revealed inside Yoon’s former office: The private space used by former President Yoon Suk Yeol, including a hinoki wood sauna and a bedroom, was disclosed to reporters Friday. The space sits inside the old presidential workspace in Seoul’s Yongsan district, opened to media after the office moved back to Cheong Wa Dae last month. Photos show a dry sauna with a wall-mounted TV and a reception area with a king-sized bed, sofa, restroom and other amenities. Kang Hoon-sik, presidential chief of staff, called the installation unprecedented and said it looks more like a small hotel room. [1]
• Secret passage linking parking lot to underground area shown: Photos published with the report reveal a private passage that Kang described as a 'secret entrance' connecting the parking area to an underground section of the building. Kang said he did not know about the passage and had never used it since President Lee Jae Myung took office in June. The construction began in July 2022, about two months after Yoon took office, and was completed in late November, days before Yoon stopped morning 'doorstepping' press sessions. [1]
• Office relocation back to Cheong Wa Dae criticized as wasteful: Yoon moved the presidential office from Cheong Wa Dae to the defense ministry compound after taking office in May 2022, citing closer communication with the public. The office was relocated back to Cheong Wa Dae last month, a move that drew criticism for wasting taxpayers’ money and fueling scrutiny of official-space spending. [1]
• Yoon Suk Yeol faces trial over failed martial law bid: Yoon Suk Yeol is currently standing trial on charges including insurrection and abuse of power related to a failed attempt to declare martial law. [1]

Who Said What

• Kang Hoon-sik, presidential chief of staff: "installation of a sauna inside a presidential workspace is unprecedented, describing the room as looking more like a small hotel room," this conveys how officials view the sauna-room as an unusual feature for an official workspace. [1]

Key Facts

• Celltrion buys U.S. biopharma plant: Celltrion USA finalized the purchase of a New Jersey biopharmaceutical manufacturing facility from Eli Lilly for about 460 billion won (US$317 million), enabling tariff-free local production. [1]
• CMO contract with Eli Lilly signed: Celltrion signed a contract manufacturing organization agreement to produce biopharmaceutical products for Eli Lilly for three years through 2029, linking the New Jersey plant to ongoing work for the U.S. partner. [1]
• Company outlines market-driven expansion: A company official said the U.S. acquisition aims to proactively respond to rapidly changing biopharmaceutical markets and that the facility will be expanded to secure additional global CMO contracts. [1]
• Profit outlook tops 1 trillion won: Celltrion projected its annual operating profit would exceed 1 trillion won for the first time this year, driven by strong sales of high-margin biosimilar products. [1]
• Biosimilar portfolio grows; ambitious goals: Celltrion has expanded its biosimilar portfolio from six to 11 approved products and aims to commercialize 18 biosimilars by 2030 and 41 by 2038. [1]
• Zymfentra and Remsima SC noted: Its only original drug, Zymfentra, is sold in the U.S. to treat autoimmune diseases, while the product is marketed as Remsima SC in Europe and other regions. [1]

Key Facts

• Pope Leo XIV sends congratulations to Sungsimdang: The pope's message marks Sungsimdang's 70th anniversary and lauds its long-standing commitment to fraternal solidarity and supporting local civic and church communities, particularly the marginalized. The message is signed by the pope and delivered by Cardinal Lazzaro You Heung-sik during his visit to South Korea last month. [1]
• Cardinal You Heung-sik delivers papal message: During his South Korea visit last month, the cardinal carried the pope’s message to Sungsimdang on behalf of the pope. [1]
• Sungsimdang founded in 1956 near Daejeon Station: The bakery began as a small operation near Daejeon Station and has grown into a community-focused business known for donating bread to those in need. [1]
• Photo shows lines at Daejeon Sungsimdang branch: A 2025 file photo captures customers queuing at a Sungsimdang branch in the central city, underscoring the bakery's ongoing role in the community. [1]

Key Facts

• Kim Jong-un attends Constitutional Day ceremony: Kim joined a national flag-raising and oath-taking ceremony at the Mansudae Assembly Hall to mark Constitutional Day. The event, reported by KCNA, included a commemorative oath in which participants pledged to dedicate themselves to the people's well-being and the state's development. Constitutional Day honors the constitution's promulgation on Dec. 27, 1972. [1]
• Constitution Day marks the 1972 promulgation: Constitution Day is observed on Dec. 27 to commemorate the promulgation of North Korea's constitution on the same day in 1972. [1]
• Kim commends labor innovators and meritorious persons: Kim commended invited labor innovators and meritorious persons for helping make this year a turning point in the country's development, describing their efforts as essential to the nation's progress. [1]
• Kim emphasizes patriotic enthusiasm for socialist construction: Kim said the government firmly believes in and relies on high patriotic enthusiasm of the people in the historic struggle for the overall development of socialist construction. [1]
• Kim hopes invitees will remain vanguard and standard-bearers: Kim expressed hope the invited participants would credibly play their role as the vanguard and standard-bearers of the times. [1]
• Invitees include 2025 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup winners: Among the invitees were female footballers and coaches who won the 2025 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup; Kim personally met them and wished them greater future success. [1]

Who Said What

• Kim Jong-un, North Korean leader: "the country is prospering and our cause is dynamically advancing without a moment's stagnation, thanks to the well-known and unsung patriots who devote their diligent and sincere efforts to the work at their workplaces and posts," as reported by KCNA, he credited ordinary workers for the year's progress. [1]

Key Facts

• Port Jemulpo renamed Incheon Port: The port 40 kilometers west of Seoul is renamed Incheon Port, and its functions are expanded to commercial trade with foreign partners. The change reflects Korea’s broader opening to international commerce in the late 19th century. It signals a shift toward modernization and integration with global markets. [1]
• Joseon adopts Gregorian calendar: In 1896 the Joseon Dynasty begins using the Gregorian calendar instead of the lunar calendar. The switch aligns Korea with international timekeeping and administrative practices, marking a modernization of civil affairs and record-keeping. The move underscored Korea’s effort to engage more fully with the wider world. [1]
• Gyeongbu railway fully opened: All sections of the Gyeongbu railway connecting Seoul and Busan are opened in 1905. The completed line strengthens national connectivity, boosts trade, and accelerates urban and economic development. It stands as a landmark in Korea’s infrastructure expansion during the era of modernization. [1]
• KCIA renamed Agency for National Security Planning: In 1981 the Korean Central Intelligence Agency is renamed the Agency for National Security Planning. The change reflects reforms in Korea’s intelligence and security apparatus during a period of political transition. The new name signaled a shift toward reorganizing how state security functions were described and overseen. [1]
• 1983 ethics law requires asset reporting: An ethics law for government officials is ratified, requiring high-level officials and lawmakers to report their assets to the government each year. The measure aimed to curb corruption and increase transparency in public service. It marked a formal step toward governance reforms and accountability. [1]
• North Korea escalates nuclear program rhetoric (2019–2023): From 2019 to 2023, North Korea’s state media portray a tightening stance on nuclear policy: 2019 Kim Jong-un pledges denuclearization and signals willingness to meet the U.S. president, but cautions against sanctions; 2020 he says there is no reason to suspend tests and hints at a new strategic weapon; 2023 he calls for exponentially increasing the nuclear arsenal and mass-producing tactical weapons. The arc shows a shift from dialogue to acceleration of arms development. [1]

Key Facts

• Russia and North Korea plan joint tourism programs: A Russian news agency report cites Alexander Kozlov saying Moscow and Pyongyang are developing new tourism programs and pursuing joint projects to build tourism infrastructure. Kozlov is quoted as noting these efforts will be carried forward within a formal cooperation framework. The report frames the move as part of broader steps to expand bilateral tourism activity, including transport links. [1]
• Kozlov co-chairs NK-Russia intergovernmental committee: Kozlov serves as a co-chair of the North Korea–Russia Intergovernmental Committee for Cooperation in Trade, Economy, Science and Technology. The committee provides the formal mechanism for coordinating bilateral economic and related initiatives, including tourism. His role signals that tourism cooperation is linked to wider economic ties. [1]
• Direct rail and air links cited as growth drivers: The report highlights the opening of a direct Pyongyang–Moscow rail line and the launch of the Pyongyang–Moscow air route as key to boosting tourist flows. Kozlov emphasizes transport connectivity as essential to increasing visits. These links are presented as concrete steps underpinning the joint tourism push. [1]
• Russian tourist numbers to NK jump in 2024–25: Tourists from Russia to North Korea more than doubled in 2024 and 2025 versus the pre-pandemic period, with about 4,000 visitors in 2024 and an estimated 7,000 in 2025. Growth is linked to interest in Masikryong ski resort and the newly opened Wonsan Kalma coastal region, suggesting broader appeal beyond a single site. [1]
• Officials expect 2026 to see further growth: Kozlov stated that given the region's cultural and natural features, the expectation is for another increase in Russian tourist numbers in 2026, signaling ongoing optimism about the bilateral tourism effort. [1]

Who Said What

• Alexander Kozlov, Russia's natural resources minister: "We are working on the development of new tourism programs. I am confident that we will also move on to joint projects to create tourism infrastructure," the quote indicates Moscow's focus on building tourism infrastructure through bilateral programs. [1]
• Alexander Kozlov, Russia's natural resources minister: "Given the region's unique cultural and natural features, we believe that in 2026 we will once again see an increase in these figures," this reinforces expectations of continued growth into 2026. [1]

Key Facts

• US eases chip equipment exports to Samsung, SK hynix: The BIS now allows exports to the China-based Xian plant and SK hynix's Wuxi and Dalian plants under yearly approvals rather than issuing licenses for each shipment. This shift follows the plants' previous removal from the BIS's validated end user list. [1]
• VEU status removed for three plants: Previously, the Xian plant and SK hynix's Wuxi and Dalian plants held validated end user (VEU) status, which allowed imports without separate licenses. BIS removed that designation in August, setting the stage for a licensing process tied to annual approvals. [1]
• Annual plans system replaces per-shipment licensing: Under the new policy, Samsung and SK hynix submit annual plans identifying the types and quantities of equipment needed. Approvals are then granted on a yearly basis, rather than for each shipment. [1]
• Industry view: burden reduced; potential license reduction: Observers say the annual plan system is far less burdensome than the former per-shipment licensing. BIS had estimated that revoking VEU could have generated as many as about 1,000 individual license applications annually. [1]
• 2026 import plans reportedly approved for both firms: Industry sources say U.S. approval has been granted for Samsung and SK hynix to proceed with their equipment import plans for 2026. [1]

Key Facts

• Defense ministry creates deputy AI minister post: The plan, approved at a Cabinet meeting earlier in the day, aims to better build a smart military by adopting cutting-edge technologies. It establishes a deputy minister in charge of all AI-related functions, including logistics, information and military assets, as part of a broader modernization effort. [1]
• Abolish office, create AI deputy minister: The reform will abolish the office of military resource management and establish a new deputy minister responsible for AI-related functions across logistics, information and assets. The change concentrates AI oversight under a single senior official as part of the modernization push. [1]
• Won Jong-dae to become deputy minister: Won Jong-dae, currently head of the office of military resource management, will take on the new deputy minister role overseeing AI-related work. [1]
• Deputy to oversee four AI bureaus and 220 personnel; post revived: The deputy minister position will supervise four bureaus focused on AI tasks, totaling about 220 personnel. The move marks the revival of the deputy defense minister post for the first time since 2006. [1]
• Overhaul to take effect Friday: The organizational overhaul is set to take effect on Friday, signaling an imminent implementation of the new AI-focused leadership structure. [1]

Key Facts

• NSSC approves Saeul-3 operation at Ulsan: the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission announced approval after a meeting, two weeks after delaying its final decision. The Saeul-3 reactor, located at the Saeul Nuclear Power Site in Ulsan, is a domestically designed APR1400 unit, with a plan for commercial launch next year. The review followed safety and procedural checks conducted under legal and technical standards. [1]
• Six-month pilot run planned after approval: the unit will undergo a six-month pilot run after approval. The commission says it will continue strict safety checks through pre-use inspections during nuclear fuel loading and the test-run process. The approach emphasizes ongoing oversight before full commercial operation. [1]
• Saeul-3 designed to withstand aircraft attacks: the reactor is the first South Korean unit designed to withstand aircraft attacks, featuring walls 137 centimeters thick, 15 centimeters thicker than earlier reactors. This enhancement aims to bolster resilience against potential airborne threats. [1]
• 60-year spent fuel storage capacity: the unit can store up to 60 years’ worth of spent fuel, enough to hold the entire volume generated over its design life. [1]
• Renamed from Kori-5 in 2022: the Saeul-3 was formerly known as Kori-5 before being renamed in 2022. [1]
• Construction began in 2016: construction of the Saeul-3 unit began in 2016, and the project is part of the Saeul Nuclear Power Site in Ulsan. [1]

Key Facts

• Forty-two percent of franchisees considered early termination: The Fair Trade Commission survey found 42.5% had contemplated ending contracts before expiration, signaling widespread hesitation within the franchise sector. [1]
• Penalties deter majority from terminating: Among those who considered ending early, 60.6% cited penalties as a major obstacle; 46.9% hoped sales would recover. [1]
• Weak sales main reason for considering termination: 74.5% cited weak sales as the primary driver, with unfair trading practices by franchise headquarters also noted as a contributing factor. [1]
• Industry gap: fast-food leads in early termination concerns: Fast food franchises showed the highest share at 53% considering termination, followed by convenience stores at 51.2% and other dining at 49.4%. [1]
• Smaller networks more inclined to consider termination: Owners of franchises with fewer than 100 locations were 41.4% likely to consider early termination, compared with 38.4% for chains with 300–999 locations. [1]

Key Facts

• 126 suspected illegal acts tied to 88 foreign deals: Officials say the findings come from a special probe into non-housing real estate transactions conducted by the land ministry and the Office for Government Policy Coordination from September through last week. The investigation identified 126 suspected illegal acts linked to 88 transactions reported between July 2024 and July this year. The cases show a focus on officetels and land, not housing trades. Authorities say follow-up actions are underway. [1]
• Officetels and land dominate the cases: Most of the suspected deals involved officetels, multipurpose buildings with residential and commercial units, along with land. The concentration highlights how mixed-use properties are being scrutinized for illicit financing and residency irregularities. The 88 transactions span July 2024 to July this year. [1]
• Violations include overseas funds, unauthorized rentals, loan misuse: Authorities say suspected violations include inflows of overseas funds not properly accounted for, foreigners without valid residency engaging in unauthorized rental operations, and misuse of bank loans to finance purchases. Officials have referred the cases to the justice ministry, the Financial Services Commission, and the National Tax Service for follow-up actions. [1]
• Earlier probe found 210 housing-related illegal deals: The new findings follow an earlier probe into housing transactions involving foreigners, during which 210 suspected illegal deals were identified. The authorities say the current case expands government scrutiny of foreign real estate activity. [1]
• Intensified monitoring and on-site inspections planned: The land ministry said it will continue intensive monitoring of foreign real estate transactions next year and step up on-site inspections to root out illegal transactions. The move signals a sustained government push to curb misuse of real estate by foreign buyers. [1]

Key Facts

• Admitted to illegal medical treatment: Key was introduced to an unlicensed practitioner surnamed Lee, known as "injection aunt," through an acquaintance. He first received treatment at a hospital, thinking she was a licensed doctor. He later had her provide medical services at his home when he could not visit the hospital. SM Entertainment said Key is very confused and deeply remorseful about his ignorance. [1]
• Suspension of broadcasting activities: Key will suspend all broadcasting activities and step down from both I Live Alone and Amazing Saturday due to the gravity of the issue. SM Entertainment said the move reflects the seriousness of the matter. The agency apologized for the delayed official response, citing the overseas tour schedule. [1]
• Agency apology for delayed response: SM Entertainment apologized for the delay in releasing its response to the allegations, citing Key's overseas tour schedule and the need to communicate with people involved. It said it could not swiftly release a response amid those circumstances. [1]
• Park Na-rae context and pressure: The statement followed comedian Park Na-rae's announcement that she would pursue legal procedures over workplace abuse and illegal medical treatment, in her first official statement since suspending broadcasting eight days earlier. Instagram posts from the practitioner had hinted at close ties to Key, drawing public scrutiny. [1]

Key Facts

• Guidelines issued for Yellow Envelope Act: The Ministry of Employment and Labor released interpretive guidelines for the revised Trade Union and Labor Relations Act, known as the Yellow Envelope Act. The guidelines are broad and vague, heightening concerns that disputes over key provisions will be litigated. The act is set to take effect on March 10 next year, prompting calls for clearer rules to minimize workplace confusion. [1]
• Employer status widened by structural control: Under the guidelines, employer status hinges on whether a contractor exercises 'structural control' over working conditions. If a contractor effectively exerts such control over a subcontractor’s manpower management, hours, safety and related matters, the subcontractor’s employees would be treated as employees of the contractor’s chief executive, not the subcontractor. [1]
• Bargaining scope defined case-by-case with no examples: The guidelines say whether a contractor must bargain with subcontractors should be decided on an issue-by-issue basis related to working conditions, but they provide no specific examples. That absence leaves room for broad interpretation and potential disputes. [1]
• Ambiguity risks widespread subcontractor bargaining and strikes: Because 'structural control' is no clearer than the existing vague standard, contractors fear being forced to negotiate with unions representing many subcontractors. The guidelines’ language implies subcontractor unions could strike against large contractors who lack direct employment contracts. [1]
• Overseas moves may trigger bargaining; OSH concerns raised: The guidelines state that management decisions like overseas investment, mergers, spin-offs, sales and transfers are not subject to bargaining, but if those decisions are expected to trigger layoffs or workforce reshuffles, unions may seek collective bargaining. That raises the risk that strategic business judgments become grounds for lawful strikes, complicating adherence to the Occupational Safety and Health Act. [1]
• March 10 rollout looms; call for regulatory streamlining: With the March 10 enactment date approaching, the government faces pressure to streamline related regulations to minimize confusion. The editorial argues that unresolved issues and the act’s untested nature could fuel labor-management conflict, and lawmakers may consider amendments if the law harms competitiveness or the economy. [1]

Key Facts

• Ukishima Maru death toll revised to 528: A Korean analysis by the Foundation for Victims of Forced Mobilization by Imperial Japan concluded 528 people were killed out of 3,542 aboard when the Ukishima Maru sank on Aug. 22, 1945 off Japan's Aomori Prefecture. The sinking occurred days after Korea's liberation from Japanese rule. [1]
• Japan's original tally credited 524 deaths: Tokyo had said 524 died out of 3,735 passengers after blaming an underwater mine and describing the sinking as an accident. The Korean analysis shows the toll is higher by four and the ship carried 193 fewer passengers than Tokyo's tally. [1]
• Bereaved families prompted the review, lists from Tokyo: Bereaved families disputed Japan's figures, prompting Seoul to conduct a yearlong analysis of 75 passenger lists provided by Tokyo, which had previously denied the records' existence. [1]
• Foundation identified large totals from documents: From the documents, the Foundation initially identified 18,176 people before sorting overlaps and errors to arrive at the latest figures. [1]
• Interior ministry to verify names and cross-check: The interior ministry plans to contact bereaved families to confirm whether their relatives are included in the analyzed lists and will cross-examine with other government records before considering compensation measures. [1]
• Compensation review to follow examinations: After examinations, the government plans to review compensation measures for the victims based on the cross-checked records. [1]

Who Said What

• Yun Ho-jung, Interior Minister: "We will make utmost efforts to heal the suffering of the victims and their families and recover the truth behind history," the statement signals the government's commitment as investigations proceed and compensation policy is considered. [1]

Key Facts

• FTC fines 48 furniture firms for bid collusion: The Fair Trade Commission fined 48 manufacturers and suppliers for colluding to predetermine winning bidders or bid prices in built-in furniture contracts. The penalties total 25 billion won (about US$17.4 million). The collusion spanned 240 bidding processes and involved 54 construction companies between September 2013 and May 2022. [1]
• Combined penalties total 25 billion won: The financial penalty covers 48 firms accused of bid-rigging in built-in furniture projects, tied to 240 bidding rounds conducted for 54 construction companies during the specified period. [1]
• Enex Co. faces largest fine of 5.84B won: Enex Co. received the largest penalty among the affected firms, followed by Hanssem Co. which was fined 3.8 billion won. [1]
• Built-in furniture defined as installed fixtures: Built-in furniture refers to fixtures like kitchen cabinets and built-in closets that are installed inside apartments and offices during construction, the target of the bidding collusion. [1]
• Collusion described as widespread by FTC: The antitrust regulator said the bid-rigging activity was widespread across multiple projects, underscoring a systemic issue in the built-in furniture procurement process. [1]
• Case highlights antitrust enforcement in construction supply chains: The action illustrates ongoing enforcement of competition law in procurement for housing and commercial projects, signaling scrutiny of bid processes in related industries. [1]

Key Facts

• Hanwha wins 103.3B-won lunar lander propulsion contract: Hanwha Aerospace secured a 103.3 billion-won contract to develop the propulsion system for South Korea's first lunar lander, targeting a 2032 launch. The contract is with the state-run Korea Aerospace Research Institute. Hanwha will produce, assemble and test key propulsion components, including the engine and attitude control thrusters, through 2032. The move builds on Hanwha's long history in Korea's space programs, dating back to Arirang-1 in 1994. Officials say the effort could strengthen Korea's independent lunar exploration capabilities. [1]
• Production of engine and attitude thrusters under contract: Under the agreement with KARI, Hanwha will produce, assemble and test propulsion components through 2032, including the engine and attitude control thrusters. [1]
• Hanwha's long propulsion track record since Arirang-1: Hanwha has developed key spacecraft propulsion systems for Korea's space projects since the Arirang-1 multipurpose satellite was launched in 1994. [1]
• Lunar lander tech could inform future missions: Technologies and infrastructure developed through the lunar lander project could be applied to future space exploration missions. [1]
• Lunar program aims to bolster Korea's independent lunar capabilities: An official from Hanwha said the company intends to contribute to securing South Korea's independent lunar exploration capabilities by leveraging more than 30 years of propulsion experience. [1]

Key Facts

• Special counsel seeks 10-year term for ex-president Yoon: Cho Eun-suk's team asked for a 10-year prison term during the final hearing at the Seoul Central District Court, describing the former president's actions as a grave crime for privatizing state institutions to conceal and justify his acts related to the December 2024 martial law. The prosecutors framed the case as obstruction of justice and other related charges in a high-stakes trial. This development marks a pivotal moment as authorities pursue accountability over the former president's alleged abuses of power. [2]
• Blistering cold snap grips the peninsula: A cold wave alert was issued across the majority of the country as temperatures dropped to the season’s lowest levels. The morning temperature registered at minus 10 C, with wind chill making it feel around minus 20 C. The cold air is descending from the northwest, contributing to historically cold conditions for this time of year. [3]
• Lee to host luncheon with families of fallen officers: President Lee Jae Myung plans to host a Friday luncheon with families of police officers and firefighters who died in the line of duty. The invitation extends to families of police officers, firefighters, Coast Guard personnel, and others who died while protecting the public during disasters and emergencies. [4]
• Kim Jong-un calls for expanding missile and shell production capacity: North Korea’s leader outlined a plan to build new munitions factories to expand production of missiles and shells, arguing that boosting output strengthens the country’s war deterrent. The report follows a separate claim by state media that Kim inspected an 8,700-ton nuclear-powered strategic guided missile submarine under construction. [5]
• DP leader pushes forward with judicial reform package: The ruling Democratic Party leadership said it will proceed with a package of judicial reform bills, including measures to punish judges, prosecutors and police for distorting the law, introduce court review of Supreme Court rulings, and increase the number of Supreme Court justices to speed up case handling. [6]

Key Facts

• Gifting service processed 189 million gifts by Dec. 17: Kakao Corp said the gifting service had sent about 189 million gifts through December 17, equating to roughly 540,000 gifts per day. The platform offers 640,000 gift types from about 8,700 brands. Starbucks gift certificates topped the list of popular items, followed by Baemin, Emart, and Olive Young certificates. [1]
• Self-gifting drives top items including Dior, Prada, Dyson: Users also buy gifts for themselves, with luxury cosmetics Dior and Prada and Dyson home appliances ranking No. 1, 6 and 3 respectively in self-purchase popularity. [1]
• Beauty certificates top Wish Lists, signaling practicality: Beauty gift certificates ranked first on Wish Lists, signaling a preference for practical gifts that recipients can choose themselves. [1]
• Pepero Day leads peak gifting on Nov. 11: The gifting service was most heavily used on Nov. 11, Pepero Day, mirroring last year's pattern, with Valentine’s Day and Teachers' Day following. [1]
• Overall trend favors practicality, personal taste, and experience: Kakao's data points to a shift toward respecting individual preferences, with practicality, personal taste and experience emerging as key themes in gifting. [1]

Key Facts

• FTC probes three major pad makers: The Fair Trade Commission has launched an investigation into pricing practices at Yuhan-Kimberly, LG Unicharm, and Cleanwrap, Korea's three leading sanitary pad producers. Investigators were dispatched to the companies' headquarters starting Tuesday to examine how prices are set. The move follows President Lee Jae Myung's remarks about high pad prices in the domestic market. [1]
• Lee Jae Myung orders inquiry into prices: During a policy briefing last week, the president directed officials to look into the matter, saying sanitary pad prices in South Korea are unusually high compared with those in other countries. [1]
• Investigation focuses on pricing practices: The inquiry centers on how prices are determined by the three firms, with regulators examining potential anti-competitive behavior under antitrust rules. Industry sources describe the early-stage probe as aimed at understanding whether pricing practices are fair and transparent. [1]
• No charges announced yet as probe unfolds: The article notes the FTC has begun the probe, but there is no information yet on findings, penalties, or next steps as investigators assess the situation. [1]

Who Said What

• Lee Jae Myung, President of South Korea: "look into the matter," saying sanitary pad prices in South Korea are unusually high compared with those in other countries. [1]

Key Facts

• Mongolian embassy worker booked after three-vehicle crash: Police booked the Mongolian embassy employee after a three-vehicle collision near Sinsa Station in southern Seoul around 6 a.m. on Dec 12, with the drivers of the other vehicles sustaining minor injuries. [1]
• BAC high enough for license revocation at crash time: Authorities said the driver’s blood-alcohol level at the time was sufficient to revoke a license, indicating impairment during the crash. [1]
• Embassy staff immunity despite not a diplomat: The embassy employee is described as having immunity from criminal proceedings even though they are not a diplomat, a status that raises questions about accountability in this case. [1]
• Police will question and assess immunity invocation: Police plan to question the individual and determine whether immunity will be invoked, signaling ongoing legal review of the case. [1]
• Case underscores diplomatic-immunity issues in Seoul: Authorities are examining how immunity applies to embassy staff in Korea, with the investigation focusing on whether protections can affect accountability in such incidents. [1]

Key Facts

• Regulator transparency directive: President Lee Jae Myung told a policy briefing by the Financial Services Commission that the regulator should work harder to improve transparency in stock transactions. He linked lack of transparency to investor distrust. He said distrust in the stock market affects the foreign exchange market. He also noted that when companies list, they are valued at about 60 percent of their true worth. [1]
• Investors demand discounts over lax rules: Investors have demanded discounts on Korean shares because of lax regulations on unfair stock trading and opaque management ethics, Lee said. The remarks came as authorities warn about the won's rapid slide. The concerns were framed as part of the policy briefing. [1]
• Distrust affects FX market: Distrust in the local stock market is affecting the foreign exchange market. Lee linked investor sentiment to the won's performance. The remarks were made at a policy briefing. [1]
• Valuation gap for listed firms: Lee said listed companies tend to be valued at about 60 percent of their true worth when listed, despite relatively strong performance. He described this as an absurd outcome caused by distrust in market transparency. He framed the price gap as a consequence of distrust that regulators should address. [1]

Who Said What

• Lee Jae Myung, President of South Korea: "Distrust in the local stock market is affecting the foreign exchange market.", during a policy briefing by the financial services commission. [1]
• Lee Jae Myung, President of South Korea: "The main reason for this absurd thing is distrust of market transparency.", during a policy briefing by the financial services commission. [1]

Key Facts

• Korean families sue to remove Yasukuni enshrinement: Ten bereaved family members of Koreans forcibly conscripted by Japan filed the lawsuit with the Seoul Central District Court on Dec 23, seeking removal of the names from Yasukuni Shrine. They also seek damages totaling 880 million won from the Japanese government and the shrine's managing entity. The filing was announced at a Seoul press conference by the Center for Historical Truth and Justice and an affiliated civic group. [1]
• First such lawsuit filed in South Korea: This marks the first time a South Korean court has heard a petition to cancel enshrinement at Yasukuni Shrine. The suit is brought by ten bereaved family members and supported by civic groups. [1]
• Yasukuni honors millions, including Koreans: Yasukuni Shrine honors about 2.46 million war dead, including 14 Class A criminals convicted by Allies. About 20,000 Koreans are believed to have been enshrined. The shrine’s status as a symbol of Japan’s militaristic past has drawn regional criticism. [1]
• Plaintiffs allege rights violations through enshrinement: The plaintiffs say the Japanese government violated their rights by forcibly conscripting the victims and enshrining them without consent, infringing on dignity and freedom of religion and conscience. The legal counsel described enshrinement as more than a religious rite, arguing it glorifies Japan's war of aggression. [1]
• Past and ongoing legal efforts over enshrinement: Since the 1990s, when enshrinement became public, bereaved families have filed two lawsuits in Japanese courts seeking cancellation; both were dismissed for statute-of-limitations grounds. Six Korean family members filed another suit in Japan in September, with that case still pending. The current filing in South Korea adds a new dimension to the issue. [1]
• Shrine symbolism elicits regional criticism: Yasukuni Shrine is widely viewed as a symbol of Japan's militaristic past, and visits or offerings by Japanese leaders have drawn criticism from South Korea and China. The lawsuit frames enshrinement as a provocation and an affront to victims' memory. [1]

Who Said What

• Plaints' legal counsel, Legal counsel for the plaintiffs: "The enshrinement is not a mere religious rite for the bereaved families, but an act that subsumes the victims into a frame that glorifies Japan's war of aggression," the statement emphasizes the plaintiffs' view that enshrinement serves to legitimize aggression rather than honor victims. [1]
• Plaints' legal counsel, Legal counsel for the plaintiffs: "Their status as 'war dead for the Emperor,' even though they were driven to their deaths, must be brought to an end so that the families can reclaim the right to remember their loved ones in the manner they choose," the quote highlights the aim of reclaiming control over how victims are remembered. [1]

Key Facts

• Dec. 23: Government withdraws appeal on damages ruling: On Dec. 23, the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family withdrew its appeal against a Seoul court ruling that ordered up to 240 million won in damages for victims and their families detained at women’s facilities in the 1970s and 1980s. The May ruling partially favored the victims, and the withdrawal clears the way for the damages confirmed by that ruling to be paid. The ministry framed the move as a step to honor the victims and acknowledge their suffering. [1]
• Seoul court had ordered up to 240 million won: The Seoul Central District Court partially ruled in favor of the detained victims and their families, awarding up to 240 million won in damages. The decision followed findings by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission about human rights violations. The government subsequently appealed, a step now reversed by the withdrawal. [1]
• Truth and Reconciliation Commission findings: The commission found in January last year that 11 women detained at the facilities in the 1970s and 1980s suffered human rights violations. That finding provided the factual context for the court ruling and the subsequent damages claim. [1]
• Withdrawal cited victims’ suffering and other case: The ministry said it withdrew the appeal after weighing the suffering of the now-elderly victims and in connection with another abuse case involving a children's facility, for which the government had also dropped an appeal. [1]
• Background on facilities and scope: Female-only facilities were created after prostitution was banned in 1961. By 1971, 34 such facilities housed 2,717 detainees. The prostitution ban law was scrapped in 2004, and all facilities were shut by 1988. [1]

Who Said What

• Won Min-kyong, Gender Minister: "By withdrawing the appeal, (we) hope that the victims' honor and suffering will be recovered, and that they will live the rest of their lives peacefully with dignity," said in a release. [1]