2020 – The Doha Agreement between the United States and the Taliban establishes a peace framework that Pakistan later cites when accusing Kabul of breaching its commitments to stop cross‑border attacks. [11]

2021 – The Taliban seize Kabul and re‑establish the Islamic Emirate, reshaping security dynamics along the 1,600‑mile Pakistan‑Afghanistan frontier and setting the stage for future border clashes. [3]

Oct 2025 – Qatar and Turkey broker a cease‑fire between Pakistan and Afghanistan after weeks of deadly exchanges, pausing the fiercest fighting since the Taliban’s 2021 takeover. [3][14]

Oct 19, 2025 – A brief truce mediated by Qatar and Turkey begins but collapses nine days later, highlighting the fragility of the October cease‑fire. [15]

Dec 5‑6, 2025 – Overnight artillery and mortar fire erupts near Spin Boldak, striking civilian homes; Pakistan’s Mosharraf Zaidi accuses the Taliban of “unprovoked firing,” while Taliban officials claim Pakistan initiated the clash. [3]

Dec 21, 2025 – Chief of Defence Forces Asim Munir tells the National Ulema Conference that Afghan nationals make up about 70 % of TTP infiltrations and urges the Afghan Taliban to choose between Pakistan and the TTP, framing the dispute in religious terms. [14]

Jan 30‑31, 2026 – The Balochistan Liberation Army launches coordinated assaults on nine districts, killing 84 security personnel, kidnapping 18 and releasing a video that brands the raids as phase two of its “Herof” operation; Pakistan’s army kills at least 145 militants in response and Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi blames India for the attacks. [12]

Feb 1, 2026 – Gun and bomb attacks across Balochistan kill 31 civilians and 17 security staff; security forces engage militants for about 40 hours, eliminating at least 145 attackers, while the BLA claims 84 security deaths and 18 kidnappings, contradicting official figures. [2]

Feb 1, 2026 – A separate wave of violence in Balochistan pushes the death toll above 120, with 33 civilians and security personnel killed as insurgents target prisons, police vehicles and civilian buses; the BLA claims responsibility and Pakistan’s interior minister accuses India of backing the militants. [6]

Feb 8, 2026 – Pakistani security forces conduct two intelligence‑based operations in North Waziristan and Kurram, killing 11 militants linked to Fitna‑al‑Khwarij, a TTP affiliate, demonstrating continued counter‑terrorism pressure in the northwest. [13]

Feb 22, 2026 – Pakistan’s military carries out selective airstrikes on seven Afghan‑based militant camps belonging to the TTP and an IS‑Khorasan faction, killing 70 militants and 18 civilians in Nangarhar and Paktika, and Islamabad claims “conclusive evidence” linking recent suicide bombings in Islamabad to these groups. [5][11][17]

Feb 22, 2026 – Afghanistan’s defence ministry condemns the Pakistani strikes as a violation of sovereignty and international law, warns of a “measured response,” and reports civilian casualties, including a family of 23 in a mountain village. [5][17]

Feb 26, 2026 – The Afghan army announces massive attacks on Pakistani outposts in Nangarhar and Paktia, claiming capture of 15 posts and killing dozens of Pakistani soldiers, while Pakistan’s information minister says Afghan forces opened fire unilaterally, prompting a retaliatory response. [16]

Feb 26‑27, 2026 – Defence Minister Khawaja Asif declares an “open war” with Afghanistan, posting that Pakistan’s patience has ended; simultaneous airstrikes hit Kabul, Kandahar and Paktia, with Pakistan claiming 133 Taliban fighters killed and Afghanistan reporting eight Afghan soldiers dead and 13 civilians wounded. [7][1][4][8][15]

Feb 27, 2026 – Russia’s foreign ministry offers to mediate the conflict if both sides request, while Iran’s foreign minister proposes diplomatic assistance, reflecting regional pressure for an immediate halt to cross‑border attacks. [9]

Feb 27, 2026 – UN Secretary‑General António Guterres, via spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric, urges both parties to pursue diplomatic solutions and protect civilians as refugee camps near Torkham are evacuated amid ongoing fighting. [9][10][8]