2020 – Pakistan and Afghanistan sign the Doha Agreement, pledging to curb cross‑border militant activity, a commitment both sides later accuse the other of violating [9].

August 2021 – The Taliban seize control of Afghanistan, creating a new regime that Pakistan later claims fails to prevent Afghan‑based groups from attacking Pakistani soil [2].

Oct 2025 – Qatar and Turkey broker a fragile cease‑fire after deadly exchanges along the 1,600‑mile border, temporarily halting the fiercest fighting since the Taliban’s 2021 takeover [2].

Oct 2025 – An October clash erupts, killing 23 Pakistani soldiers and more than 200 Afghan Taliban fighters, underscoring the volatility that the cease‑fire seeks to contain [9].

Mid‑Oct 2025 – Pakistan closes the Torkham crossing to Afghan refugees, limiting legal crossings to a narrow repatriation corridor after the October fighting [12].

5 Dec 2025 – An overnight artillery exchange sparks a border clash; Pakistan blames “unprovoked firing” while the Taliban says Pakistan initiated the attack, and civilian homes in Spin Boldak are hit [2].

8 Feb 2026 – A UNAMA report documents 70 civilian deaths and 478 injuries in Afghanistan from Pakistani cross‑border strikes during the last three months of 2025, highlighting a rising humanitarian toll [12].

22 Feb 2026 – Pakistan conducts intelligence‑based airstrikes on seven Afghan militant camps in Nangarhar and Paktika, killing 18 civilians (including women and children) and, according to Islamabad, 70 militants linked to the TTP and IS‑KP [4][9][12].

22 Feb 2026 – Pakistan’s information ministry claims “conclusive evidence” ties the February suicide bombings in Islamabad to Afghan‑based militants, justifying the cross‑border raids [4].

26 Feb 2026 – Afghan forces launch a large‑scale cross‑border attack on Pakistani border posts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, claiming capture of 15 outposts and killing dozens of Pakistani soldiers, which Islamabad describes as an “unilateral” assault [1][11].

26 Feb 2026 – In pre‑dawn retaliation, Pakistan bombs Kabul, Kandahar and Paktia, saying it hits seven militant hideouts; Pakistan reports 133 Taliban fighters killed, while the Taliban claims 55 Pakistani soldiers dead and 19 posts seized [1][3][5][6][7][8].

27 Feb 2026 – Defence Minister Khawaja Asif posts on X, “our patience has run out – it is now open war between us and you,” formally escalating the conflict [5][10][7].

27 Feb 2026 – Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif tweets, “our troops have all the necessary capability to crush any aggressive ambition,” signalling a hardline stance after the airstrikes [7][5].

27 Feb 2026 – Russia’s Foreign Ministry says it will consider mediating if both sides request, while Iran’s foreign minister offers to facilitate dialogue, both urging an immediate halt to the fighting [7].

27 Feb 2026 – UN Secretary‑General António Guterres, via spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric, says he is “following reports of the clashes with concern” and calls on Pakistan and Afghanistan to pursue diplomatic solutions [7][8][6].