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Kim Jong‑un Orders Accelerated Nuclear Build‑Up, Offers Conditional US Rapprochement

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  • U.S. President Donald Trump and North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un are seen before missiles in this Newsweek illustration.
    U.S. President Donald Trump and North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un are seen before missiles in this Newsweek illustration.
    Image: Newsweek
    U.S. President Donald Trump and North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un are seen before missiles in this Newsweek illustration. Source Full size
  • Kim Jong Un's comments came during North Korea's five-yearly party congress in Pyongyang
    Kim Jong Un's comments came during North Korea's five-yearly party congress in Pyongyang
    Image: BBC
    Kim Jong Un's comments came during North Korea's five-yearly party congress in Pyongyang (AFP PHOTO/KCNA VIA KNS) Source Full size
  • This photo, provided by the foreign ministry on Feb. 23, 2026, shows Jeong Yeon-doo, vice minister for diplomatic strategy and intelligence, delivering a speech at the high-level segment of the Conference on Disarmament held on the same day in Geneva, Switzerland. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap)
    This photo, provided by the foreign ministry on Feb. 23, 2026, shows Jeong Yeon-doo, vice minister for diplomatic strategy and intelligence, delivering a speech at the high-level segment of the Conference on Disarmament held on the same day in Geneva, Switzerland. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap)
    Image: Yonhap
    This photo, provided by the foreign ministry on Feb. 23, 2026, shows Jeong Yeon-doo, vice minister for diplomatic strategy and intelligence, delivering a speech at the high-level segment of the Conference on Disarmament held on the same day in Geneva, Switzerland. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap) Source Full size
  • South Korean soldiers take part in joint drills with U.S. troops at an unspecified training field during the allies' Freedom Shield exercise period in this file photo provided by the Army on March 19, 2025. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap)
    South Korean soldiers take part in joint drills with U.S. troops at an unspecified training field during the allies' Freedom Shield exercise period in this file photo provided by the Army on March 19, 2025. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap)
    Image: Yonhap
    South Korean soldiers take part in joint drills with U.S. troops at an unspecified training field during the allies' Freedom Shield exercise period in this file photo provided by the Army on March 19, 2025. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap) Source Full size
  • This file photo, provided by the Army, shows troops boarding a CH-47 helicopter during a joint aerial exercise between South Korea and the U.S. militaries on March 19, 2025. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap)
    This file photo, provided by the Army, shows troops boarding a CH-47 helicopter during a joint aerial exercise between South Korea and the U.S. militaries on March 19, 2025. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap)
    Image: Yonhap
    This file photo, provided by the Army, shows troops boarding a CH-47 helicopter during a joint aerial exercise between South Korea and the U.S. militaries on March 19, 2025. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap) Source Full size
  • Kim Jong Un's comments came during North Korea's five-yearly party congress in Pyongyang
    Kim Jong Un's comments came during North Korea's five-yearly party congress in Pyongyang
    Image: BBC
    Kim Jong Un's comments came during North Korea's five-yearly party congress in Pyongyang (AFP PHOTO/KCNA VIA KNS) Source Full size
  • Kim's teenage daughter, Ju Ae, was photographed alongside him at the party congress
    Kim's teenage daughter, Ju Ae, was photographed alongside him at the party congress
    Image: BBC
    Kim's teenage daughter, Ju Ae, was photographed alongside him at the party congress (Reuters) Source Full size
  • U.S. President Donald Trump and North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un are seen before missiles in this Newsweek illustration.
    U.S. President Donald Trump and North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un are seen before missiles in this Newsweek illustration.
    Image: Newsweek
    U.S. President Donald Trump and North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un are seen before missiles in this Newsweek illustration. Source Full size
  • This photo, provided by the foreign ministry on Feb. 23, 2026, shows Jeong Yeon-doo, vice minister for diplomatic strategy and intelligence, delivering a speech at the high-level segment of the Conference on Disarmament held on the same day in Geneva, Switzerland. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap)
    This photo, provided by the foreign ministry on Feb. 23, 2026, shows Jeong Yeon-doo, vice minister for diplomatic strategy and intelligence, delivering a speech at the high-level segment of the Conference on Disarmament held on the same day in Geneva, Switzerland. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap)
    Image: Yonhap
    This photo, provided by the foreign ministry on Feb. 23, 2026, shows Jeong Yeon-doo, vice minister for diplomatic strategy and intelligence, delivering a speech at the high-level segment of the Conference on Disarmament held on the same day in Geneva, Switzerland. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap) Source Full size
  • This file photo, provided by the Army, shows troops boarding a CH-47 helicopter during a joint aerial exercise between South Korea and the U.S. militaries on March 19, 2025. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap)
    This file photo, provided by the Army, shows troops boarding a CH-47 helicopter during a joint aerial exercise between South Korea and the U.S. militaries on March 19, 2025. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap)
    Image: Yonhap
    This file photo, provided by the Army, shows troops boarding a CH-47 helicopter during a joint aerial exercise between South Korea and the U.S. militaries on March 19, 2025. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap) Source Full size
  • South Korean soldiers take part in joint drills with U.S. troops at an unspecified training field during the allies' Freedom Shield exercise period in this file photo provided by the Army on March 19, 2025. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap)
    South Korean soldiers take part in joint drills with U.S. troops at an unspecified training field during the allies' Freedom Shield exercise period in this file photo provided by the Army on March 19, 2025. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap)
    Image: Yonhap
    South Korean soldiers take part in joint drills with U.S. troops at an unspecified training field during the allies' Freedom Shield exercise period in this file photo provided by the Army on March 19, 2025. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap) Source Full size

Kim Announces Accelerated Nuclear Expansion at Ninth Party Congress Kim Jong‑un told the Ninth Workers’ Party Congress on 26 February 2026 that North Korea will redouble efforts to increase its nuclear warhead stockpile and broaden deployment [1][2]. The five‑year plan calls for new land‑ and submarine‑launched ICBMs, AI‑enabled unmanned strike platforms, anti‑satellite weapons, high‑resolution reconnaissance satellites, and advanced electronic‑warfare systems [1][2]. Naval nuclear forces receive special emphasis to ensure a survivable second‑strike capability [1]. SIPRI estimates the regime already possesses about 50 assembled warheads with material for roughly 40 more [2].

Kim Conditions US Relations on Recognition of Nuclear Status Kim said the United States could maintain “good relations” only if Washington formally recognizes North Korea’s constitutional right to nuclear weapons and ends its “hostile policy” [1][2]. He added that, under those conditions, there would be “no reason” preventing a constructive relationship [1]. South Korean ambassador Kang Kyung‑hwa hinted a Trump‑Kim summit might be arranged in Beijing alongside a Trump‑Xi meeting slated for April [1]. President Donald Trump’s 2025 global security roadmap omitted any reference to North Korean denuclearisation, fueling speculation about revived talks [2].

South Korea Designated Hostile, Excluded from Diplomatic Outreach In the same speech Kim labeled South Korea the “most hostile entity,” permanently removing Seoul from the “compatriots” category [1][2]. Vice‑minister Jeong Yeon‑doo urged the DPRK at the Geneva Conference on 23 February 2026 to comply with the NPT and relevant UN Security Council resolutions and to cease illegal military cooperation with Russia [3]. Seoul outlined a phased denuclearisation strategy that begins with dialogue‑based halting of nuclear and ballistic programs, moving toward medium‑term reductions and eventual dismantlement [3]. Kim’s rhetoric underscores the widening diplomatic gap between Pyongyang and Seoul [1][2].

Analysts Warn US‑Only Talks Amid Drill Scheduling Disputes An AFP‑quoted analyst interpreted Kim’s remarks as a push for direct US‑North Korea talks that bypass Seoul, prompting calls for close US‑South Korea coordination to preserve alliance cohesion [2][1]. Meanwhile, South Korea rejected a US‑proposed February trilateral air drill with Japan because the dates conflicted with Japan’s Takeshima Day and the Lunar New Year holiday, offering earlier or bilateral alternatives that the United States dismissed [4][5]. The Freedom Shield spring exercise date announcement was also delayed after the US objected to Seoul’s plan to scale back on‑field training, though both sides expect the March drill to proceed [6]. These military‑exercise tensions illustrate the broader strategic friction surrounding Kim’s nuclear escalation [1][2][4][5][6].

Sources

Timeline

2006 – North Korea conducts its first nuclear test, establishing a baseline for its later expansion to a deterrent force that rivals great‑power arsenals [2].

June 2024 – Pyongyang and Moscow sign a mutual‑defense pact, the first formal agreement since the 1961 China treaty, deepening military ties and paving the way for Korean troops to fight in Ukraine [2].

Dec 3 2024 – South Korea declares martial law, prompting a reassessment of its defense posture and later influencing President Lee Jae Myung’s “self‑reliant defense” agenda [7].

Dec 1 2025 – Seoul and Washington agree to launch sectoral working groups to implement the joint fact‑sheet on trade, security, civil uranium enrichment, spent‑fuel reprocessing and nuclear‑powered submarines [24][26][28].

Dec 2 2025 – South Korea’s foreign ministry urges the United States to begin formal talks on civil uranium enrichment and spent‑fuel reprocessing, linking the request to regional security needs [27].

Dec 7 2025 – National Security Adviser Wi Sung‑lac states South Korea will not use joint U.S.–ROK drills as a bargaining chip to restart inter‑Korean talks, despite stalled dialogue [23].

Dec 8 2025 – The Unification Ministry says adjustments to Korea‑U.S. exercises could be discussed only if “necessary conditions and a suitable environment” arise, reflecting caution over using drills diplomatically [22].

Dec 12 2025 – Weekly North Korean briefing notes a 50,000‑unit housing project reaching its final stage, underscoring Pyongyang’s domestic development narrative amid rising tensions [21].

Dec 16 2025 – National Security Adviser Wi meets U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio, exploring a separate bilateral “Section 91” agreement—modelled on Australia’s—to enable South Korea’s nuclear‑submarine program [18].

Dec 16 2025 – Wi also announces Seoul is weighing a separate U.S. accord to bypass the 123 civil‑nuclear pact and secure nuclear‑powered submarines, citing Australia’s precedent [19].

Dec 17 2025 – Pro‑Pyongyang newspaper Choson Sinbo highlights the omission of North Korea from the U.S. National Security Strategy, interpreting it as a deliberate avoidance of denuclearisation language [17].

Dec 21 2025 – Wi Sung‑lac outlines simultaneous working‑level talks on uranium enrichment, spent‑fuel reprocessing and submarine construction to begin in the new year, with a Section 91‑based agreement as a possible framework [15].

Dec 23 2025 – Korea forms an inter‑agency task force to investigate the Coupang data breach affecting 33.7 million users, while also naming ambassador Rim Kap‑soo as chief negotiator for U.S. civil‑nuclear talks [14].

Dec 24 2025 – South Korea and the United States agree to pursue a stand‑alone pact on nuclear‑powered submarine cooperation, with working‑level talks slated for early 2026 and a commitment to use low‑enriched uranium only [13].

Jan 7 2026 – Defense Minister Ahn Gyu‑back affirms the annual South Korea‑U.S. joint drills will proceed as planned, calling them a “lifeline for soldiers,” yet leaves open the possibility of adjustments if U.S.–North Korea talks materialise [12].

Jan 15 2026 – The United States proposes a three‑nation aerial drill with Japan and South Korea for February, but the schedule clashes with Lunar New Year and Japan’s Takeshima Day, prompting Seoul’s objection [5].

Jan 23 2026 – Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Elbridge Colby visits Seoul for three days, discussing South Korea’s nuclear‑submarine push, conditions‑based OPCON transfer and alliance burden‑sharing [11].

Jan 24 2026 – The 2026 U.S. National Defense Strategy states South Korea can assume “primary responsibility” for deterring North Korea, offering “critical but more limited” U.S. support and omitting any reference to denuclearisation [10].

Jan 26 2026 – The Pentagon’s NDS highlights Seoul’s leading deterrent role, while Defense Minister Ahn and Colby meet in Seoul to cement cooperation on a nuclear‑powered submarine and the OPCON handover slated for 2030 [8][9].

Jan 27 2026 – The Department of Defense releases its National Defense Strategy, urging allies like South Korea to take “primary responsibility” for their own defense under an “America First” posture [7].

Jan 30 2026 – South Korea and Japan announce the resumption of joint naval search‑and‑rescue drills—the first since 2017—while also pledging cooperation on AI, space and future‑oriented defence projects [6].

Feb 20 2026 – President Donald Trump intensifies military pressure on Iran; North Korean leader Kim Jong‑Un watches the escalation under the protection of an expanding nuclear arsenal that now fields missiles capable of striking the United States [2].

Feb 23 2026 – South Korea formally declines the U.S. trilateral aerial drill proposal, citing timing conflicts with Japan’s Takeshima Day and the Lunar New Year, and urges a bilateral or earlier exercise instead [5].

Feb 24 2026 – At the Geneva Conference on Disarmament, South Korean vice‑minister Jeong Yeon‑doo urges North Korea to comply with the NPT and UN Security Council resolutions and to halt its illegal military cooperation with Russia [4].

Feb 26 2026 – At the Ninth Workers’ Party Congress, Kim Jong‑Un vows to accelerate nuclear weapons expansion, increase deployment reach and conditionally open U.S. diplomatic overtures on the basis of Washington’s recognition of North Korea’s constitutional nuclear status [1][3].

Feb 26 2026 – Analysts note Kim’s speech signals a push for U.S.–only talks that bypass Seoul, while SIPRI estimates North Korea holds about 50 assembled warheads with material for up to 40 more, and Trump’s 2025 global security roadmap omits denuclearisation, hinting at possible revived U.S.–North Korea engagement [1].

Feb 26 2026 – South Korean ambassador Kang Kyung‑hwa hints a possible Trump‑Kim summit in Beijing, potentially alongside a Trump‑Xi meeting slated for April, though no official confirmation exists [3].

Feb 26 2026 – South Korea’s Freedom Shield “March” exercise proceeds as scheduled, aiming to verify Full Operational Capability of its wartime command structure ahead of the planned OPCON transfer by 2030 [5].

Feb 26 2026 – Defense Minister Ahn projects a nuclear‑powered submarine could enter service in the mid‑2030s, contingent on securing U.S. fuel assistance within two years [12].

Future 2026‑2027 – Working groups on nuclear‑powered submarines and civil uranium enrichment are set to convene within three months of the Dec 1 2025 agreement, targeting a joint framework by early 2026 and laying groundwork for a Section 91‑style bilateral accord [28].

Early 2026 – South Korea plans to complete the conditions‑based OPCON handover from the United States by the end of President Lee Jae Myung’s term in 2030, with verification of Full Operational Capability expected by year‑end [12].

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